Chapter 14 Flashcards
The 6 Rs of medications
Right patient
right medication (check exp date
right dose
right route
right time
right documentation
Agonist
causes a specific physiological response in the cell
antagonist
binds to receptor to block other substance
absolute contraindications
situations in which a medication should never be given if the contraindication is present
relative contraindications
situations in which the benefits of administering the drug may outweigh the risks
generic/nonproprietary vs trade/proprietary names
example: ibuprofen vs advil
types of medication
PRESCRIPTION
OVER THE COUNTER (OTC)
RECREATIONAL DRUGS
HERBAL REMEDIES
ENHANCEMENT DRUGS
VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS
routes of administration
sublingual
oral
rectum
intravenous (IV)
intraosseous (IO)
inhalation
subcutaneous injection, intramuscular (IM)
intranasal (IN)
transdermal
Aspirin
REDUCES FEVER, PAIN, AND INFLAMMATION
INHIBITS PLATELET AGGREGATION
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
ALLERGY TO ASPIRIN (TC SPECIFIC)
CONSIDERATIONS:
LIVER DAMAGE, BLEEDING DISORDER, ASTHMA
SHOULD NOT BE GIVEN TO CHILDREN
4 tablets of 81mg for 325mg
oral glucose
A SUGAR THE CELLS USE FOR ENERGY
TREATS HYPOGLYCEMIA (low bg)
EMTS GIVE IT ORAL (BUCCAL)
CONTRAINDICATIONS: UNCONSCIOUS PATIENT OR ONE WHO CANNOT PROTECT THE AIRWAY
activated charcoal
REDUCES THE AMOUNT OF MEDICATION BEING ABSORBED
GROUND INTO FINE POWDER
FREQUENTLY SUSPENDED WITH SORBITOL
ADMINISTERED ORAL
CONTRAINDICATIONS: PATIENTS WITH AN ALTERED LEVEL OR CONSCIOUSNESS
Nitroglycerin
sublingual
RELIEVES ANGINA PAIN (CARDIAC PATIENTS)
VASODILATOR
BEFORE ADMINISTERING
CHECK BP
OBTAIN ORDER TO ADMINISTER
WAIT 5 MIN BEFORE MORE DOSES
CONTRAINDICATIONS: PATIENT TAKES ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION OR PULMONARY HYPERTENSION MEDICATIONS
MAY CAUSE MILD HEADACHE
epinephrine
1:1000
INCREASES HEART RATE AND CONSTRICTS BLOOD VESSELS
HAS A BRONCHODILATION EFFECT
ACTS TO REVERSE THE BODY’S OVER-RELEASE OF HISTAMINES CAUSED BY AN ALLERGIC REACTION
ADULT DOSE 0.3 ML
PEDIATRIC DOSE (30 KG.) 0.15 ML
CONSIDERATIONS: PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION, OR POSSIBLE ACS EVENT
Abuterol
Emt can help give patient inhaler up to 10 puffs over 10 minutes (minute in between each puff)
metered dose inhaler
used for albuterol, ventolin, or proventil. used by a patient who has some type of respiratory disease.
small volume nebulizers
TAKE LONGER TO DELIVER MEDICATION
REQUIRE AN EXTERNAL AIR OF
OXYGEN SOURCE
MORE EFFECTIVE IN PATIENTS WITH MODERATE TO SEVERE
RESPIRATORY DISTRESS
CAN BE USED WHILE A PATIENT IS ON CPAP AND DURING BVM VENTILATION
SAMPLE
Sign/symptom
allergies
medications
past pertinent medical history
last intake/output
e events lead up to
