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EMT 19-23 > chapter 21 > Flashcards

chapter 21 Flashcards

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1
Q

Substance whose chemicals action can damage body strucutures or impair body function

A

Posion

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2
Q

Misuse of any substance to produce a desired effect

A

Substance abuse

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3
Q

Substance that will counteract the effects of a particular poison

A

Antidote

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4
Q

Need for increasing amounts of a drug to obtain the same effect

A

Tolerance

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5
Q

Overstimulates body functions controlled by parasympathetic nerves

A

Cholinergic

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6
Q

Taking a substance by mouth

A

Ingestion

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7
Q

vomiting blood

A

Hematemesis

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8
Q

Agent that produces an excited state

A

stimulant

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9
Q

drug or agent with actions similar to morophine

A

opioid

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10
Q

substance that decreases activity and excitement

A

sedative

`

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11
Q

atropine, Benadryl, some cyclic antidepressants

A

anticholinergic

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12
Q

Activated charcoal is in the form of a(n):

A

suspension

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13
Q

The presence of burning of the mucous membranes around the mouth suggest:

A

ingestion of posion

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14
Q

Treatment for ingestion of poisonous plants includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A

Administering activated charcoal

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15
Q

The most important consideration in caring for a patient who has been exposed to an organophosphate insecticide or some other cholinergic agent is to:

A

avoid exposure yourself

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16
Q

Which of the following would NOT provide clues to the nature of the poison?

A

Open windows

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17
Q

which of the following is TRUE regarding injected poisons?

A

Injected potions cannot be diluted

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18
Q

The major side effect of ingesting activated charcoal is:

A

black stool

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19
Q

alcohol is a powerful central nervous system depressant. It:

A

slows reflexes

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20
Q

Which of the following is NOT a narcotic?

A

Ativan

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21
Q

which of the following is NOT part of treatment of patients who have overdosed with sedative-hypnotics and have respiratory depression?

A

administer syrup of ipecac

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22
Q

anticholinergic medications have properties that block the_____nerves

A

parasympathetic

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23
Q

___________crack produces the most rapid means of absorption and therefore the most potent effect

A

smoked

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24
Q

cholinergic agents overstimulate normal body functions that are controlled bt parasympathetic nerves, causing:

A

increased salivation

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25
Q

Signs and symptoms of staphylococcal food poisoning include:

A

nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

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26
Q

Inhalant effects range from mild drowsiness to coma, but unlike most other sedative-hypnotics these agents may often cause:

A

seizures

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27
Q

cocaine is called all of the following EXECPT:

A

weed

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28
Q

the effects of bath salts can last as long as:

A

48 hrs

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29
Q

the ingestion of marijuana can lead to cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, resulting in extreme nausea and vomiting. How are these symptoms typically relieved?

A

hot showers

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30
Q

sympathomimetics are central system stimulants that frequently cause:

A

tachycardia

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31
Q

characteristics of carbon monoxide include all of the following EXCEPT:

A

smells like rotten eggs

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32
Q

Chlorine

A

causes pulmonary edema

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33
Q

localized signs and symptoms of absorbed poising include:

A

burns, irritation of the skin

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34
Q

which of the following statements regarding injected poisons is FALSE?

A

They are easily diluted once in the bloodstream

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35
Q

_____ is a highly toxic, colorless, and flammable gas with a distinctive rotten-egg odor

A

hydrogen sulfide

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36
Q

injected poisons are impossible to dilute to remove because they are usually________or cause intense local tissue destruction

A

absorbed quickly into the body

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37
Q

medical problems that may cause the patient to present as intoxicated include all of the following EXCEPT:

A

diarrhea

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38
Q

which of the following is NOT considered a sign or symptom of alcohol withdrawal?

A

chest pain

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39
Q

treatments for inhaled poisons include:

A

removing the patient from the exposure

40
Q

signs and symptoms of chlorine exposure include all of the following EXCEPT:

A

rales

41
Q

which of the following is NOT a typical ingested poison?

A

aerosol propellants

42
Q

naloxone(narcan) should only be used in a patient with a suspected opiate or opiod overdose who has:

A

agonal respirations or apnea

43
Q

inhaled poisons include:

A

chlorine

44
Q

which of the following is NOT considered a typical route of administration for naloxone?

A

intradermal

45
Q

The usual adult dose of activated charcoal is 30 to 100g

A

True

46
Q

the general treatment of a poisoning patient is to induce vomiting

A

False

47
Q

activated charcoal is a standard of care in all ingestions

A

False

48
Q

inhaled chlorine produces profound hypoxia without lung irritation

A

False

49
Q

shaking activated charcoal decreases its effectiveness

A

False

50
Q

opioid overdose typically presents with pinpoint pupils

A

true

51
Q

cholinergic include nerve gases used in chemical warfare and organophosphate insecticides

A

true

52
Q

alcohol is a stimulant

A

false

53
Q

dilaudid and Vicodin are examples of opioids

A

true

54
Q

cocaine is classically inhaled through the nose and absorbed in the nasal mucosa

A

true

55
Q

alcohol can result in significant respiratory depression

A

true

56
Q

ingestion of the plant dieffenbachia can cause irritation of the lower airway

A

false

57
Q

the most sever form of toxin ingestion is______

A

botulism

58
Q

____ ___ produce euphoria, increased mental clarity, and sexual arousal

A

bath salts

59
Q

_____ _____is the misuse of any substance to produce a desired effect

A

substance abuse

60
Q

if the patient has a liquid chemical agent on the skin, you should flood the affected part for___ ___ ___ minutes

A

15 to 20 minutes

61
Q

opioid analgesic are central nervous system depressants and can cause sever ____ _____

A

respiratory depression

62
Q

severe acute alcohol ingestion may cause_____-

A

hypoglycemia

63
Q

your primary responsibility to the patient who has been poisoned is to ______ that a poisoning occured

A

recognize

64
Q

the usual dosage of activated charcoal for an adult or child is__ __ of activated charcoal per____ of body weight

A

1 gram, kilogram

65
Q

as you irrigate the eyes, make sure that the fluid runs from the bridge of the nose____

A

outward

66
Q

approximately 80% of all poisoning is by_____,including plants,contaminated food, and most drugs

A

ingestion

67
Q

patients experiencing alcohol withdrawal may develop_____ ____ if they no longer have their daily source of alcohol

A

delirium tremens

68
Q

the_____ _____ is a single auto-injector containing 2mg of atropine and 600mg of pralidoxime

A

duo dote auto-injector

69
Q

a person with an_____has an overwhelming desire to continue using the substance, at whatever cost, with a tendency to increase the dose

A

addiction

70
Q

_____may develop from sweating, fluid loss, insufficient fluid intake, or vomitting associated with delirium tremens

A

hypovolemia

71
Q

the study of toxic or poisonous substances

A

toxicology

72
Q

swallowing; taking a substance by mouth

A

ingestion

73
Q

a substance that decreases activity and excitement

A

sedative

74
Q

an excessive quantity of a drug that can have toxic or lethal consequences

A

overdose

75
Q

an agent that produces an excited state

A

stimulant

76
Q

a poison or harmful substance produced by baterica, animals, or plants

A

toxin

77
Q

a sleep-inducing effect or agent

A

hypnotic

78
Q

any drug or agent with actions similar to morphine

A

opoid

79
Q

substance____- is the misuse of any substance to produce some desired effects

A

abuse

80
Q

a state of overwhelming obsession or physical need to continue the use of a drug or agent

A

addiction

81
Q

a substance that is used to neutralize or counteract a poison

A

antidote

82
Q

vomiting

A

emesis

83
Q

_____tremens is a severe withdrawal syndrome seen in alcoholics who are deprived of ethyl alcohol

A

deliruim

84
Q

vomited material

A

vomitus

85
Q

a substance whose chemical action could damage structures or impair function when introduced into the body

A

poison

86
Q

how does activated charcoal work to counteract ingested poison?

A

absorbs(binds to) the toxin and keeps it From being absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract

87
Q

what are four routes of contact for poising?

A
  1. ingestion
  2. inhalation
  3. injecton
  4. absorbtion
88
Q

list the typical signs and symptoms of an overdose of sympathomimetics

A

hypertension,tachcardia,baranoia, and dilated pupis, along with irritability, agitation, anxiety, restlessness, or seizures

89
Q

what are the two main types of food poisoning?

A
  1. the organism itself causes the disease

2. the organism produces toxins that cause disease

90
Q

what differentiates the presentation of acetaminophen poisoning from that of other substances? What does this mean to the prehospital caregiver?

A

symptoms of acetaminophen overdose do not appear until the damage is irreversible, up to weeks later. Finding evidence at the scene can save the patient life

91
Q

what conditon do the mnemonics DUMBELS and SLUDGEM pertain to, and what do they mean?

A

they describe patient presentation in cholinergic poisoning. Diarrhea,Urination,Miosis/Muscle weakness,Bradycardia/Brochospasm/Bronchorrhea,Emesis,Lacrimation,Salvation/Seizures,Sweating… Salvation/Sweating,Lacrimation,Urination,Defecation,Drooling,Diarrhea,Gastric upset/cramp, Enemis,Muscle twitching/Miosis

92
Q

List at least five questions should you ask a possible poisoning victim

A
  1. what substance did you take?
  2. . When did you take it or become exposed to it?
  3. How much did you inject or were exposed to?
  4. How long ago did you take it or were exposed?
  5. what actions have been taken?
  6. How much do you weigh?
93
Q

which of the following would NOT be an appropriate question to ask regarding an ingested poison?

A

what color was the substance?

94
Q

“Hot as a hare, blind as a bat, dry as a bone, red as a beet, and mad as a hatter” describes which of the following conditions?

A

anticholinergic poisoing

95
Q

shigella, campylobacter, and Enterococcus are associated with what type of poisoing?

A

food

96
Q

ice, crank,speed, uppers, and meth are all street names for which type of poison?

A

sympathomimetics

97
Q

when would you NOT give activated charcoal

A

if the patient drank gasoline

EMT 19-23 (6 decks)

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