chapter 21 Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
Substance whose chemicals action can damage body strucutures or impair body function
A
Posion
2
Q
Misuse of any substance to produce a desired effect
A
Substance abuse
3
Q
Substance that will counteract the effects of a particular poison
A
Antidote
4
Q
Need for increasing amounts of a drug to obtain the same effect
A
Tolerance
5
Q
Overstimulates body functions controlled by parasympathetic nerves
A
Cholinergic
6
Q
Taking a substance by mouth
A
Ingestion
7
Q
vomiting blood
A
Hematemesis
8
Q
Agent that produces an excited state
A
stimulant
9
Q
drug or agent with actions similar to morophine
A
opioid
10
Q
substance that decreases activity and excitement
A
sedative
`
11
Q
atropine, Benadryl, some cyclic antidepressants
A
anticholinergic
12
Q
Activated charcoal is in the form of a(n):
A
suspension
13
Q
The presence of burning of the mucous membranes around the mouth suggest:
A
ingestion of posion
14
Q
Treatment for ingestion of poisonous plants includes all of the following EXCEPT:
A
Administering activated charcoal
15
Q
The most important consideration in caring for a patient who has been exposed to an organophosphate insecticide or some other cholinergic agent is to:
A
avoid exposure yourself
16
Q
Which of the following would NOT provide clues to the nature of the poison?
A
Open windows
17
Q
which of the following is TRUE regarding injected poisons?
A
Injected potions cannot be diluted
18
Q
The major side effect of ingesting activated charcoal is:
A
black stool
19
Q
alcohol is a powerful central nervous system depressant. It:
A
slows reflexes
20
Q
Which of the following is NOT a narcotic?
A
Ativan
21
Q
which of the following is NOT part of treatment of patients who have overdosed with sedative-hypnotics and have respiratory depression?
A
administer syrup of ipecac
22
Q
anticholinergic medications have properties that block the_____nerves
A
parasympathetic
23
Q
___________crack produces the most rapid means of absorption and therefore the most potent effect
A
smoked
24
Q
cholinergic agents overstimulate normal body functions that are controlled bt parasympathetic nerves, causing:
A
increased salivation
25
Signs and symptoms of staphylococcal food poisoning include:
nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
26
Inhalant effects range from mild drowsiness to coma, but unlike most other sedative-hypnotics these agents may often cause:
seizures
27
cocaine is called all of the following EXECPT:
weed
28
the effects of bath salts can last as long as:
48 hrs
29
the ingestion of marijuana can lead to cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, resulting in extreme nausea and vomiting. How are these symptoms typically relieved?
hot showers
30
sympathomimetics are central system stimulants that frequently cause:
tachycardia
31
characteristics of carbon monoxide include all of the following EXCEPT:
smells like rotten eggs
32
Chlorine
causes pulmonary edema
33
localized signs and symptoms of absorbed poising include:
burns, irritation of the skin
34
which of the following statements regarding injected poisons is FALSE?
They are easily diluted once in the bloodstream
35
_____ is a highly toxic, colorless, and flammable gas with a distinctive rotten-egg odor
hydrogen sulfide
36
injected poisons are impossible to dilute to remove because they are usually________or cause intense local tissue destruction
absorbed quickly into the body
37
medical problems that may cause the patient to present as intoxicated include all of the following EXCEPT:
diarrhea
38
which of the following is NOT considered a sign or symptom of alcohol withdrawal?
chest pain
39
treatments for inhaled poisons include:
removing the patient from the exposure
40
signs and symptoms of chlorine exposure include all of the following EXCEPT:
rales
41
which of the following is NOT a typical ingested poison?
aerosol propellants
42
naloxone(narcan) should only be used in a patient with a suspected opiate or opiod overdose who has:
agonal respirations or apnea
43
inhaled poisons include:
chlorine
44
which of the following is NOT considered a typical route of administration for naloxone?
intradermal
45
The usual adult dose of activated charcoal is 30 to 100g
True
46
the general treatment of a poisoning patient is to induce vomiting
False
47
activated charcoal is a standard of care in all ingestions
False
48
inhaled chlorine produces profound hypoxia without lung irritation
False
49
shaking activated charcoal decreases its effectiveness
False
50
opioid overdose typically presents with pinpoint pupils
true
51
cholinergic include nerve gases used in chemical warfare and organophosphate insecticides
true
52
alcohol is a stimulant
false
53
dilaudid and Vicodin are examples of opioids
true
54
cocaine is classically inhaled through the nose and absorbed in the nasal mucosa
true
55
alcohol can result in significant respiratory depression
true
56
ingestion of the plant dieffenbachia can cause irritation of the lower airway
false
57
the most sever form of toxin ingestion is______
botulism
58
____ ___ produce euphoria, increased mental clarity, and sexual arousal
bath salts
59
_____ _____is the misuse of any substance to produce a desired effect
substance abuse
60
if the patient has a liquid chemical agent on the skin, you should flood the affected part for___ ___ ___ minutes
15 to 20 minutes
61
opioid analgesic are central nervous system depressants and can cause sever ____ _____
respiratory depression
62
severe acute alcohol ingestion may cause_____-
hypoglycemia
63
your primary responsibility to the patient who has been poisoned is to ______ that a poisoning occured
recognize
64
the usual dosage of activated charcoal for an adult or child is__ __ of activated charcoal per____ of body weight
1 gram, kilogram
65
as you irrigate the eyes, make sure that the fluid runs from the bridge of the nose____
outward
66
approximately 80% of all poisoning is by_____,including plants,contaminated food, and most drugs
ingestion
67
patients experiencing alcohol withdrawal may develop_____ ____ if they no longer have their daily source of alcohol
delirium tremens
68
the_____ _____ is a single auto-injector containing 2mg of atropine and 600mg of pralidoxime
duo dote auto-injector
69
a person with an_____has an overwhelming desire to continue using the substance, at whatever cost, with a tendency to increase the dose
addiction
70
_____may develop from sweating, fluid loss, insufficient fluid intake, or vomitting associated with delirium tremens
hypovolemia
71
the study of toxic or poisonous substances
toxicology
72
swallowing; taking a substance by mouth
ingestion
73
a substance that decreases activity and excitement
sedative
74
an excessive quantity of a drug that can have toxic or lethal consequences
overdose
75
an agent that produces an excited state
stimulant
76
a poison or harmful substance produced by baterica, animals, or plants
toxin
77
a sleep-inducing effect or agent
hypnotic
78
any drug or agent with actions similar to morphine
opoid
79
substance____- is the misuse of any substance to produce some desired effects
abuse
80
a state of overwhelming obsession or physical need to continue the use of a drug or agent
addiction
81
a substance that is used to neutralize or counteract a poison
antidote
82
vomiting
emesis
83
_____tremens is a severe withdrawal syndrome seen in alcoholics who are deprived of ethyl alcohol
deliruim
84
vomited material
vomitus
85
a substance whose chemical action could damage structures or impair function when introduced into the body
poison
86
how does activated charcoal work to counteract ingested poison?
absorbs(binds to) the toxin and keeps it From being absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract
87
what are four routes of contact for poising?
1. ingestion
2. inhalation
3. injecton
4. absorbtion
88
list the typical signs and symptoms of an overdose of sympathomimetics
hypertension,tachcardia,baranoia, and dilated pupis, along with irritability, agitation, anxiety, restlessness, or seizures
89
what are the two main types of food poisoning?
1. the organism itself causes the disease
| 2. the organism produces toxins that cause disease
90
what differentiates the presentation of acetaminophen poisoning from that of other substances? What does this mean to the prehospital caregiver?
symptoms of acetaminophen overdose do not appear until the damage is irreversible, up to weeks later. Finding evidence at the scene can save the patient life
91
what conditon do the mnemonics DUMBELS and SLUDGEM pertain to, and what do they mean?
they describe patient presentation in cholinergic poisoning. Diarrhea,Urination,Miosis/Muscle weakness,Bradycardia/Brochospasm/Bronchorrhea,Emesis,Lacrimation,Salvation/Seizures,Sweating... Salvation/Sweating,Lacrimation,Urination,Defecation,Drooling,Diarrhea,Gastric upset/cramp, Enemis,Muscle twitching/Miosis
92
List at least five questions should you ask a possible poisoning victim
1. what substance did you take?
2. . When did you take it or become exposed to it?
3. How much did you inject or were exposed to?
4. How long ago did you take it or were exposed?
5. what actions have been taken?
6. How much do you weigh?
93
which of the following would NOT be an appropriate question to ask regarding an ingested poison?
what color was the substance?
94
"Hot as a hare, blind as a bat, dry as a bone, red as a beet, and mad as a hatter" describes which of the following conditions?
anticholinergic poisoing
95
shigella, campylobacter, and Enterococcus are associated with what type of poisoing?
food
96
ice, crank,speed, uppers, and meth are all street names for which type of poison?
sympathomimetics
97
when would you NOT give activated charcoal
if the patient drank gasoline
