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EMT 19-23 > chapter 20 > Flashcards

chapter 20 Flashcards

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1
Q

An exaggerated immune response to any substance

A

Allergic reaction

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2
Q

Substance made by the body: released in anaphylaxis

A

Leukotrienes

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3
Q

High-pitched, whistling breath sound usually resulting from blockage of the airway and typically heard on expiration

A

Wheezing

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4
Q

Multiple raised areas on the skin that itch or burn

A

Urticaria

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5
Q

Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sound, usually resulting from upper airway obstruction

A

Stridor

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6
Q

Substance that causes an allergic reaction

A

Allergen

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7
Q

Raised, swollen area on the skin resulting from an insect bite or allergic reaction

A

Wheal

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8
Q

A poison or harmful substance

A

Toxin

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9
Q

Steps for assisting a patient with administration of an EoiPen include:

A

taking body substance isolation precautions

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10
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the five common allergen categories?

A

Environments

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11
Q

Anaphylaxis is not always life threatening, but it typically involves:

A

multiple organ systems

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12
Q

Signs and symptoms of insect stings or bites include all of the following, EXECPT:

  • swelling
  • ecchymosis
  • localized heat
  • wheals
A

ecchymosis

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13
Q

Prolonged respiratory difficulty can cause______,shock, and even death.

A

tachycardia

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14
Q

Speed is essential because in sever cases of anaphylaxis, _____ can occur rapidly

A

death

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15
Q

Questions to ask when obtaining a history from a patient appearing to have an allergic reaction include:

A

How the patient was exposed

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16
Q

The dosage of epinephrine in an adult EpiPen is:

A

0.30mg

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17
Q

Epinephrine, whether made by the body or by a drug manufacturer, work rapidly to:

A

relieve bronchospasm

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18
Q

Because the stinger of the honeybee is barbed and remains in the wound, it can continue to inject venom for up to:

A

20 minutes

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19
Q

You should not use tweezers or forceps to remove an embedded stinger because:

A

squeezing may cause the stinger to inject more venom into the wound

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20
Q

Your assessment of the patient experiencing an allergic reaction should include evaluations of all of the following EXCEPT the:

  • respiratory system
  • circulatory system
  • skin
  • reproductive system
A

reproductive system

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21
Q

Eating certain foods, such as shellfish or nuts, may result in a relatively_______reaction that still can be quite severe

A

slow

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22
Q

In dealing with allergy-related emergencies, you must be aware of the possibility of acute______and cardiovascular collapse

A

airway obstruction

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23
Q

Wheezing occurs because excessive______and mucus are secreted into the bronchial passages

A

fluid

24
Q

allergic reactions can occur in response to almost any substance

A

True

25
Q

An allergic reaction occurs when the body has an immune response to a substance

A

True

26
Q

Wheezing is a high-pitched breath sounds, usually resulting from blockage of the airway, and is heard on expiration

A

False

27
Q

For a patient appearing to have an allergic reaction, give 100% oxygen via nasal cannula

A

False

28
Q

Wheezing, a high-pitched, whistling breath sound that is typically heard on______

A

expiration

29
Q

Small areas of generalized itching or burning that appear as multiple, small, raised areas on the skin are called______

A

Urticaria

30
Q

The stinger of the honeybee is ______so the bee cannot withdraw it

A

barbed

31
Q

a reaction involving the entire body is called_______

A

anaphylaxis

32
Q

The presence of ______ or respiratory distress indicates that the patient is having sever enough allergic reaction to lead to death

A

hypo perfusion

33
Q

Epinephrine inhibits the allergic reaction by constricting the ___ ____

A

blood vessels

34
Q

Your ability to recognize and manage the many signs and symptoms of allergic reactions may be the only thing standing between a patient and ____ _____

A

imminent death

35
Q

Substances released by the immune system that are responsible for many of the symptoms of anaphylaxis, such as vasodilation

A

histamines

36
Q

Small spots of generalized itching and/or burning that appear as multiple raised areas on the skin

A

urticaria

37
Q

The______ system includes all of the structures and processes designed to mount a defense against foreign substances and disease-causing agents

A

immune

38
Q

a poison or harmful substance

A

toxin

39
Q

a raised, swollen, well-defined area on the skin resulting from an insect bite or allergic reaction

A

wheal

40
Q

chemical substances that contribute to anaphylaxis

A

leukotrienes

41
Q

a harsh, high-pitched respiratory sound, generally heard during inspiration, that is caused by partial blockage or narrowing of the upper airway

A

stridor

42
Q

a substance produced by the body (commonly called adrenaline) and a drug produced by pharmaceutical companies that increase pulse rate and blood pressure

A

epinephrine

43
Q

the study of the bodys immune system

A

immunology

44
Q

the act of injecting venom

A

envenomation

45
Q

An extreme, life-threating systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure

A

anaphylaxis

46
Q

substances that cause an allergic reaction

A

allergens

47
Q

what’s the proper dose of an EpiPen for a child

A

0.15mg

48
Q

List the common side effects of epinephrine

A

increased blood pressure, tachycardia, pallo, dizziness, chest pain, headache, nausea, vomiting, anxiety, sweating, and palpitations

49
Q

What are five stimuli that most often cause allergic reaction?

A
  1. insect bites and stings
  2. medications
  3. plants
  4. food
  5. chemicals
50
Q

What are the steps for administering or assisting with administration of an EpiPen?

A
  1. obtain and order from medical control (or follow protocol or standing orders)
  2. follow standard precautions
  3. make sure the medication was prescribed for patient
  4. check for discoloration or expiration of medication
  5. remove the cap and wipe the thigh with alcohol if possible
  6. place the tip of the auto-injector against the lateral part of the thigh
  7. push firmly until activation
  8. hold the auto-injector in place until the medication is injected(10 seconds)
  9. remove and dispose
  10. rub area for 10 seconds
  11. record time and dose
  12. reassess and record patients vitals
  13. consider an additional adminstration (if possible) in 5 minutes if symptoms do not improve
51
Q

What are the common respiratory and circulatory signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction?

A

Respiratory- shortness of breath(dysnea); sneezing or itchy, runny nose; chest or throat tightness; dry cough; hoarseness; rapid, noisy, or labored respirations; wheezing and/or stridor
Circulatory-Decreased blood pressure (hypertension), increased pulse(tachycardia),pale skin, loss of consciouness and coma

52
Q

As you begin to assess a patient suspected of anaphylaxis shock, which of these steps would be done first?

A

assess and treat for life threats

53
Q

After assisting with an EpiPen, what is the first thing that should be done?

A

Place the used EpiPen in a biohazard container

54
Q

When using the EpiPen auto-injector, do all of the following EXCEPT:

A

place ice over the injection site

55
Q

What does the “M” stand for SAMPLE?

A

Medications-what medications is the patient currently taking?

56
Q

What does the “P” stand for in SAMPLE?

A

Past pertinent history

EMT 19-23 (6 decks)

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