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Biology > Chapter 20 Viruses and Bacteria > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Viruses and Bacteria Flashcards

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0
Q

Are viruses cellular? Do they respond? Do they metabolize? What do they have to do in order to reproduce? Can they evolve?

A 
Non cellular 
Do not respond 
Don not metabolize 
Must invade something else to reproduce 
Do evolve
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1
Q
  1. Are viruses alive or not?
A

Yes but are borderline

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2
Q

What are the two components that all viruses have?

A

Capsid (protein coat)

Nucleus Acid Core (DNA or RNA)

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3
Q

What is a capsid?

A

Protein coat

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4
Q

What is the nucleic acid core made of?

A

DNA or RNA

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5
Q

What is the envelope? Do all viruses have one?

A

Extra protection and no they do not all have it

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6
Q

Are most viruses species specific?

A

Yes

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7
Q

What are the steps of viral replication?

A

Attachment ( match between capsid and cell)
Penetration ( nuclear acid enters)
Biosynthesis ( manna feat of viral compounds)
Maturation ( assembly of viral compound)
Release ( of new viruses)

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8
Q

What are latent viruses?

A

Virus enters the cell but Does not immediately become active. The viral DNA is integrated into the host cells DNA. Each time the host DNA replicated, the viral DNA is replicated along with it so that all subsequent cells carry a copy.

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9
Q

When animal viruses enter a cell, does the whole virus go in, or just the nucleic acid core?

A

Entire virus enters the cell, released by budding

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10
Q

What is the difference between how a virus is released from an animal cell versus a bacterial cell?

A

Animal is by budding and the bacteria is just the nucleic acid core goes in.

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11
Q

What are retroviruses? What is an example of a retrovirus?

A

RNA virus that have a DNA STRAND

Ex aids

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12
Q

What are oncogenes?

A

Genes causing cancer

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13
Q

How are plant viruses controlled?

A

Burning them

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14
Q

What are 3 methods of controlling an animal virus?

A
  1. Prevent exposure
  2. Vaccination
  3. Anti viral drugs
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15
Q

Do antibiotics work on viruses? Why not?

A

No

16
Q

Are bacteria eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

prokaryotic

17
Q

Do bacteria have a cell wall? Capsule? Slime layer? Flagella? Fimbria? Organelles?

A

Yes cell wall. may or may not have capsid, slime layer, flagella, flimbra
Have few organelles

18
Q

How do bacteria reproduce? Is that sexual or asexual?

A

Binary fission asexual

19
Q

What are endospores? Can you name some examples of bacteria that form endospores?

A

Formed by some bacteria in unfavorable environments
Protection that can last for years

Ex. Anthrax
Tetanus
Botulism

20
Q

What are the 3 shapes of bacteria?

A

Rod
Sphere
Spiral

21
Q

What are obligate anaerobes? Facultative anaerobes? Aerobic?

A

A. Must have no oxygen
B. may or may not have oxygen
C. Must have oxygen

22
Q

What is the difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria?

A

Makes there own food

Does not make there own food

23
Q

What are two types of autotrophic bacteria?

A

Photosynthetic
Use solar energy

Chemosynthetic
Use inorganic compound

24
Q

What are saprotrophs?

A

Feed on dead organic matter
Decomposes
Majority of bacteria

25
Q

What does the term symbiosis mean?

A

2 organisms living Ina close relationship

26
Q

What is mutualism? Commensalism? Parasitism? What is an example of each type of bacteria?

A
  1. Both members benefit

Ex. Bacteria in human guy making vitamins

  1. 1 benefits the other is not harmed

Ex. Bacteria on human hands

  1. I benefits the other is harmed

Ex. All bacterial decease

27
Q

Organisms in the domain Arachaea are usually found where?

A

Extreme environments

28
Q

What are 3 types of archaebacteria?

A

Methanogens

Halophiles

Thermoacifophiles

29
Q

Where do you find methanogens? Halophils? Thermoacidophiles?

A

Swamp and animal guts

Extreme salt water

Extreme hot

30
Q

Are organisms in the domain Bacteria common or uncommon?

A

Common

31
Q

What is the difference between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria?

A

Cell wall thickness

32
Q

What are cyanobacteria? Are they photosynthetic? Can they fix nitrogen? What is meant by the term nitrogen fixation?

A

Most are gram-negative rod shaped. Found in freshwater and moist soil. Yes are photosynthesiera believed to be the first in the atmosphere.
Fix nitrogen. Capturing make it available to plants

Biology (3 decks)

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