Chapter 19 Systematic and Phylogeny Flashcards
What is the correct order of the hierarchy of classification??
Domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species
What is Taxonomy?
The science of classifying in naming organisms according to certain guidelines
What is a species??
A group of potential inter-breeding organisms
What are the three domains?
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
What are the five rules for correctly writing a binomial name?
- Genus species
- Genus is a noun species is an adjective
- Names are Latinized
- Capitalize the letter of the genus, lower case on species
- Either underlined or italicized
What is a Phylogeny??
The environmental relationships between organisms.
What is systematic?
A branch of science whose goals are to establish phylogenies of a group of organisms, And to classify them according to their phylogeny.
What is a Phylogenetic Trees??
Branching diagrams indicating common ancestors and line of dissent.
What are characters??
Any shared features
Examples anatomy-psychology behaviors- Ecology- embryos- molecular
What is the difference between primitive characters and derived characters?
Primitive characteristics are found on the common ancestors and all lines of dissent
And derived found only on certain lines of decision
What is comparative morphology?
Refining form
What are homologous structures? What are some examples?
Structures that are similar due to a common evolutionary origin
Example bird wing and human arm
What are analogous structures?
What is an example?
Have the same function but not necessarily a recent common ancestor.
Example Bird wing and bee wing
Can a structured be both homologous and analogous?
Yes
Ex. Bird wing and bat wing
What is a vestigial structure?
What are some examples?
Were functional in an ancestor but reduced in size and now nonfunctional in descendent.
What is a fossil?
Remnant of past life, some 10,000 years old
What is traditional systematics??
Considers both homologous and analogous structures
What is cladistics??
Considers only homologous structures.
What is numerical taxonomy?
Uses mathematical formula to calculate Relatedness
What are five criteria for placing organisms in domain/kingdom?
1. Prokaryotic or eukaryotic
(No true nucleus) (True nucleus)
2. Single cell or multicellular
3. Motile or non-Motile
(Can move) ( non movement)
4. Sexual or asexual reproduction
5. Mode of nutrition
a. Autotrophs
b. heterotrophsWhat is the difference between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell??
Prokaryotic cells have no true nucleus. Eukaryotic have a true nucleus
What is the definition of an autotroph?
Organism that produces their own food
What is the definition of a heterotroph? What are the two ways an organism get its nutrients if it is a heterotroph?
Must take in preformed organisms foods by absorption or ingestion
For the domain bacteria and Archaea, are they prokaryotic or eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular, Motil or nonmodal, sexual or asexual, autotroph or heterotroph?
- Prokaryotic
- Single celled
- Motel/nonmotal
- Asexual
- Autotroph/heterotrophs
Are members of the kingdom Protista, are they prokaryotic or eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular, Motil or nonmodal, sexual or asexual, autotroph or heterotroph?
- Eukaryotic
- Single celled
- Motal/ nonmotal
- Asexual/sexual
- Autotroph/heterotrophs
Are the members of the kingdom fungi, are they prokaryotic or eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular, Motil or nonmodal, sexual or asexual, autotroph or heterotroph?
- Eukaryotic
- Multicellular*
- Nonmotal
- Asexual/sexual
- Heterotrophs by absorption
Are the members of the kingdom plantar, are they prokaryotic or eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular, Motil or nonmodal, sexual or asexual, autotroph or heterotroph?
- Eukaryotic
- Multicellular
- Nonmotal
- Asexual/sexual
- Autotrophs
Are the members of the kingdom Animalia, are they prokaryotic or eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular, Motil or nonmodal, sexual or asexual, autotroph or heterotroph?
- Eukaryotic
- Multi cell
- Motal
- Sexual
- Heterotrophs by ingestion
