Chapter 20 : Endocrine System Flashcards
what are the lobes of the pituitary gland called?
anterior and posterior pituitary
what structures are associated with being apart of the command central of the endocrine system?
- hypothalamus
- infundibulum
- pituitary gland
what does the anterior pituitary contain?
endocrine cells
most anterior pituitary hormones are __ (stimulate other endocrine organs or structures).
tropic
the hypothalamus sends ___ to the anterior pituitary that controls the output of these tropic hormones
regulatory hormones
what are the pituitary hormones?
TSH ACTH FSH and LH GH PRL (prolactin) endorphins
the __ stimulates and increase in the size and division rate of body cells; enhances movement of amino acids across membranes
GH (growth hormone)
the __ sustains milk production after birth
prolactin (PRL)
the __ controls secretions of hormones from thyroid gland
thyroid-stimulating hormone
the __ controls secretion of certain hormones from adrenal cortex
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
in females __ is responsible for the development of egg-containing follicles in ovaries and stimulates follicular cells to secrete estrogens. in males it stimulates production of sperm cells
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
the __ promotes secretion of sex hormones and plays a role in releasing an egg cell in females
luteinizing hormone (LH
the posterior pituitary contains ___
hypothalamic neurons
hypothalamic neurons are called what?
neurosecretory cells
what are the two hypothalamic neurons does the pituitary gland make?
ADH and oxytocin
the __ causes kidneys to conserve water; in high concentration, increases blood pressure
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
the __ contracts muscles in the uterine wall; contracts muscles associated with milk-secreting glands
oxytocin (OT)
what are the parts of the thyroid gland?
left and right lobes of the thyroid gland
isthmus of thyroid gland
what are the cells of the thyroid gland?
follicular
parafollicular
what does the follicular cells in the thyroid make?
thyroid hormone (TH)
__ is one major controller of overall body metabolism.
thyroid hormone (TH)
what does the parafollicular cell make?
calcitonin
__ helps regulate blood calcium levels
calcitonin
what does the parathyroid glands make?
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
where are the adrenal glands in humans?
above the kidneys
what are the two regions of tissue in the adrenal gland?
cortex
medulla
what does the cortex of the adrenal glands make?
- glucocorticoids
- mineralocorticoids
- gonadocorticoids
what does the medulla of the adrenal glands make?
epinepherine
what are the three layers of the cortex?
- zona glomerulosa
- zona fasciculata
- zona reticularis
what does the zona glomerulosa make?
mineralocorticoids
what does the zona fasciculata make?
glucocorticoids
what does the zona reticularis make?
gonadocorticoids
the pancreas is both a __ and __ organ.
endocrine
exocrine
what is the endocrine part of the pancreas?
pancreatic islets
what are the types of endocrine cells of islets?
- alpha cells
- beta cells
what do alpha cells in pancreatic islets make?
glucagon
the beta cells in pancreatic islets make what?
insulin
glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen and release of glucose from liver does what to the blood sugar levels?
raises blood sugar
insulin stimulates uptake of glucose into cells and does what to the blood sugar?
lowers blood sugar
what does the testes secrete?
testosterone
the ovaries secretes what?
estrogen
progesterone
the stomach and intestines secretes what?
gastrin
secretin and cholecystokinin
the kidneys produce what?
erythropoietin (EPO)
the heart produces what?
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
the pineal gland secretes what?
melatonin
__ is used for the maturation of sperm, male secondary sex characteristics, protein, synthesis in muscle
testosterone
__ is used for the maturation of eggs (follicles ), females secondary sex characteristics
estrogen
__ is used for preparation for pregnancy
progesterone
enteroendocrine cells of the stomach gastric pits produce __ which stimulates chief and parietal cells
gastrin
enteroendocrine cells of small intestines produce ___ which slows emptying of stomach, stimulating gallbladder contractions and pancreatic juice relase
secretin
cholecystokinin
__ stimulates red blood cell production by marrow
erythropoietin (EPO)
__ helps decrease blood pressure if it gets to high
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
__ coordinates sleep/wake cycles with daylight cycle
pineal gland
