Chapter 14 : Nervous System Flashcards
What are the two ways to approach the nervous system?
- structural breakdown
- functional breakdown
The __ is the bodies main communications and control system.
Nervous system
what are the main divisions of structural breakdown?
CNS (central nervous system)
PNS (peripheral nervous system)
What are the categories of functional breakdown?
sensory (incoming signals) vs. motor (outgoing signals)
What is the CNS composed of?
- brain
- brain stem
- spinal cord
what is the role of the CNS?
- information consolidation
- processing
what is the PNS composed of?
- cranial nerves
- spinal nerves
what is the job of the PNS?
carry information to and from the CNS
sensroy neurons (arrive to/ come from) the CNS
arrive to the brain from the body
motor neurons (arrive to / come from) the CNS?
come from to the body
The __ transmits information from the CNS to the rest of the body, and sends motor information to effectors.
Motor nervous system
the __ are “voluntary” nervous systems that innervates skeletal muscle.
somatic motor
The __ are “involuntary” nervous systems that innervate cardiac muscle, sooth muscle and glands
Autonomic motor
Where does the motor nervous system come from?
The CNS
where do the somatic and autonomic motors come from?
The motor nervous system
The __ contains receptors and transmits information rom receptors to CNS.
sensory nervous system
The __ receives sensory information from skin, fascia, joints, skeletal muscle, special senses.
somatic sensory
The __ receives sensory information from the viscera.
visceral sensory.
The somatic and visceral sensory comes from what?
receptors
where does the sensory nervous system come from?
the somatic and visceral sensory
What are the two main classifications of cells in neural tissue?
- neurons
- glial cells
__ generate and and carry electrical signals
neurons
__ perform various supportive functions such as protecting neuron, regulate inonic balance in tissue, immune functions, etc.
glial cells
The __ is where the majority of cells mechanics resides, it is the where signal integration occurs
cell body / soma
The __ is the receiving end of the neuron that collect electrical signals
Dendrites
The __ is between the soma and the axon.
axon hillock
The __ is for signal transmission by passing signals onto other cells by releasing neurotransmitters
axon
This structure had a soma that sits between a receiving line of dendrites and and axon.
Bipolar neuron
This structure has one line connected to the soma where information from dendrites comes in and signals leave the soma.
unipolar neuron
This structure has a some with multiple dendrites connected to it along with an axon connected to the soma too.
multipolar neuron
What are some examples of bipolar sensory neurons?
photoreceptors
olfactory receptors
What are some examples of unipolar neurons?
hair cells
taste receptors
somatic sensory neurons
visceral sensory neurons
What are some example of multipolar neurons?
skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle
smooth muscle
glands
___ are cells that detect light
photoreceptor
__ are cells that can detect odorants
olfactory receptors
__ are cells that can detects fluid movements in the inner ear
hair cells
what kind of receptors does the skin have?
touch receptors
pressure receptors
temperature receptors
pain receptors
What kind of receptors do internal organs have?
stretch receptors
chemical receptors
temperature receptors
pain receptors
What are some examples of somatic sensory neurons?
photoreceptors olfactory receptors hair cells taste receptors various skin receptors skeletal muscle
what are some examples of visceral sensory neurons?
- internal organs (heart, stomach)
what are some example of where autonomic sensory neurons are?
heart
stomach
glands (adrenal glands)
Where are interneurons found?
between sensory neurons
between motor neurons
in spinal cord between sensory and motor neurons
what are the types of receptors for sensory neurons?
- somatic receptors
- visceral receptors
what are the types of effectors for motor neurons?
- somatic
- autonomic
__ gather information about environment from body exterior.
somatic receptors
__ gathers information about internal organs from inside body.
visceral receptors
__ are classified as non-neural cells in nervous tissue.
neuroglia
what are the different types of neuroglia cells?
- astrocytes
- ependymal cells
- microglial cells
- oligodendrocyte
- neurolemmocytes
an end foot is found on what kind of neuroglia cells?
astrocytes
__ regulates the environment that neurons live in
astrocytes
__ provide immune survalence and defense
microglial cells
__ are a type of neuroglia found on brain or spinal cord tissue
ependymal cells
__ are a type of neuroglia cells that are found around nerve fibers in the CNS
oligodendrocytes
__ are a type of neuroglia cells that are found around nerve fibers.
neurolemmocytes
which neuroglia cells are found in the CNS and which are found in the PNS?
CNS : astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglial cells , oligodendrocytes
PNS : neurolemmocytes
__ surrounds axons of many (but not all) neurons and acts as insulation so signal travels faster and reduces interference from nearby axons
Myelin
