Chapter 20 - Biotech

Question 1

Recombinant Organism

Answer 1

GMOs containing DNA from other organisms

Question 2

Transgenic Organism

Answer 2

Recombinant Organism with DNA from another species

Question 3

Transformation

Answer 3

Recombinant plasmids are inserted into bacterial cells that infect the target organism

Question 4

Round-up Ready

Answer 4

Crop plants w/ bacterial genes that make them tolerant of the herbicide

Question 5

Golden Rice

Answer 5

GMO food with vitamin A added

Question 6

How do you insert plasmids into bacteria?

Answer 6

Through pores created in the membrane by chemicals, viruses or electric shock

Question 7

How to make inserts?

Answer 7

Reverse engineer copy DNA with reverse transcriptase. Use DNA polymerase to make it double stranded

Question 8

Restriction endonuclease

Answer 8

Cuts DNA at specific sequences called recognition sites

Question 9

What do you need to add to the insert before it goes into the plasmid?

Answer 9

A promotor

Question 10

How do probes work?

Answer 10

Make single-stranded DNA and a single-stranded probe, put to two together, find probe

Question 11

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Answer 11

process in which a specific DNA sequences is replicated multiple times
Steps:
Denature DNA
Let Primer anneal
Extension w/ TAQ

Question 12

What is the primer for in PCR?

Answer 12

DNA polymerase needs a primer to work and needs a specific one.

Question 13

What type of polymerase is used in PCR?

Answer 13

TAQ because it can withstand high temperatures

Question 14

What is different between CRISPR and traditional restriction endonuclease?

Answer 14

CRISPR involves large segments of DNA that cannot fit in a plasmid and it works in living cells

Question 15

Cas9

Answer 15

Enzyme that uses CRISPR sequences as a guide to recognize and cleave DNA strands complementary to CRISPR sequences

Question 16

DNA Fingerprinting

Answer 16

Identifies people by DNA non-coding markers

Question 17

Gene Duplication

Answer 17

extra copy of gene added to genome

Question 18

What is the most common cause of gene duplication

Answer 18

Improper crossing-over in meiosis

Question 19

How does Gene Duplication lead to adaption?

Answer 19

Redundant gene can mutate and evolve another traits

Question 20

Pseudogene

Answer 20

A remnant of a functional copy of a gene that doesn’t produce a working copy

Question 21

What makes up most of the human genome?

Answer 21

Transposable elements

Question 22

Functional genomics

Answer 22

large-scale analysis of gene expression

Question 23

Transcriptome

Answer 23

list of genes that are transcribed in a cell

Question 24

Proteome

Answer 24

complete set of proteins produced

Question 25

Proteomics

Answer 25

study of whole organism protein function