Chapter 20 Flashcards
What does a phylogeny show?
a phylogeny shows the EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY of a species or a group of species
What’s binomial nomenclature?
a way of naming organisms
What’s the binomial nomenclature naming format?
- first part:
- the genus the organism is in
- second part:
- the species’ unique name
What’s the Linnaeueus taxonomic system?
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
What’s a taxon?
a taxon is a taxonomic unit in the linnaeous taxonomic system
examples of taxons?
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
What are SISTER TAXA?
Sister taxa are animals that share an IMMEDIATE common ancestor
What’s a BASAL TAXON?
A basal taxon is a lineage that diverges EARLY in the history of a group
What’s POLYTOMY?
polygamy is a branch point from which MORE THAN TWO descendant groups emerge
What’re homologous structures?
similarities because of a COMMON ANCESTOR
What’re analogous structures?
similarities NOT because of a common ancestor
What’re analogous structures ALSO KNOWN AS?
They’re also known as HOMOPLASIES
What’s a MONOPHYLETIC group?
a monophyletic group includes an ancestor and ALL of its descendants
What’s a PARAPHYLETIC group?
a paraphyletic group includes an ancestor and SOME, but NOT all of its descendants
What’s a POLYPHYLETIC group?
a polyphyletic group includes taxa. with DIFFERENT ANCESTORS.
