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anatomy and physiology 2 > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

1
Q

Conducting arteries

A

elastic or large arteries
biggest arteries
examples common carotid subclavian pulmonary trunk aorta

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2
Q

distributing arteries

A

muscular or medium arteries
distributes blood to specific organs
examples: femoral brachial renal and splenic arteries

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3
Q

Resistance arteries

A

small
arterioles: smallest arteries
thicker tunica media in proportion to their lumen than large arteries.
very little tunica external

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4
Q

In carotid sinuses

A

baroreceptors

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5
Q

carotid bodies

A

chemoreceptors

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6
Q

aortic bodies

A

chemo/baroreceptors

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7
Q

exchange vessels

A

capillaries

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8
Q

composed of endothelium and basal lamina

A

capillaries

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9
Q

there types of capillaries

A

continuous fenestrated and sinusoids

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10
Q

intercellular clefts in the continuous capillaries allow

A

passage of small solutes such as glucose

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11
Q

what type of capillary occur in most tissues

A

continuous capillaries

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12
Q

least permeable and most common capillary

A

continuous capillaries

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13
Q

endothelial cell riddled with holes call filtration pores are what type of capillary

A

fenestrated capillary

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14
Q

discontinuous capillaries

A

sinusoids

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15
Q

most permeable capillary

A

sinusoids

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16
Q

allows proteins clotting factors, and new blood cells to enter the circulation

A

sinusoids

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17
Q

ateriovenous anastomosis

A

(shunt) artery flows directly into vein bypassing capillaries

18
Q

Venous anastomosis

A

most common

—- vein blockage is less serious than arterial blockage

19
Q

arterial anastomosis

A

provides collateral (alternative rate) of blood supply to a tissue

20
Q

what anastomosis is common around joints and coronary circulation

A

arterial anastomosis

21
Q

what are the two factors of cardiac output?

A

heart stroke and pressure

22
Q

if cardiac output goes up, what happens to BP?

A

goes up

23
Q

blood volume is regulated mainly by the

A

kidneys ( blood is filtered by the kidneys)

24
Q

if blood volume goes up what happens to BP

A

goes up

25
Q

three ways of controlling vasomotor activity

A

local control
neural control
hormonal control

26
Q

baroreflexes

A

Neural control
short term regulation
baroreflexes sense if heart rate is up than neural control slows heart rate down
if Baroreflexes sense heart is down the neural control speeds heart rate up

27
Q

chemoreflex

A

response to changes in pH, O2 and CO2

28
Q

hypoxemia hypercapnia and acidosis stimulates (vasoconstriction or or vasodilation)

A

vasoconstriction

this increases blood pressure which increases lung

29
Q

( a reflex ) automatic response to a drop in perfusion of the brain

A

medullary ischemic reflex

30
Q

medullary ischemic reflex causes an

A

increase in heart rate and contraction force
causes widespread vasoconstriction
raises bp and restores normal perfusion to the brain

31
Q

Angiotensin II

A

potent vasoconstrictor causes bp to rise

-promotes sodium and water retention by kidneys

32
Q

atrial natriuretic peptide

A

increases urinary sodium excretion reduces blood volume and promotes vasodilation which decrease bp

33
Q

ADH promotes water retention

A

raises blood pressure

34
Q

epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

blood pressure goes up.

35
Q

blood hydrostatic pressure is produced by

A

blood pressure. which pushes small stuff out by normal blood flow ( blood pressure)

36
Q

colloid osmotic pressure is produced by

A

tendency of water to want to go back in after being pushed out. water wants to go back in because there is “big stuff” in the vessels still

37
Q

capillaries reabsorb about 85% of the fluid they filter by hydro static pressure what happens to the 15%

A

lymphatic system absorbs it and the returns to the blood after its cleaned

38
Q

capillary filtration occurs at (arterial or venous) end

A

arterial end

39
Q

capillary reabsorption occurs at ( arterial or venous) end

A

venous end

40
Q

what are the exceptions of capillary filtration and absorption

A

kidney capillaries and alveolar capillaries

41
Q

kidney capillaries in glomeruli

A

kidney capillaries in glomeruli don’t reabsorb

42
Q

alveolar capillaries in lung

A

absorbs completely to keep fluid out of air spaces

anatomy and physiology 2 (4 decks)

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