Chapter 20 Flashcards by Rakim Allah

The instructions that a computer follows consist of a long series of binary digits in a language known as ________

machine language

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A converts the

higher-level language into an executable file designed for use on a specific operating system.

compiler

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When ______ are used, the programmer distributes the source code, which contains
instructions in the higher-level language.

interpreted languages

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A _____ is internal code that defines the actions an object performs in response
to a message.

Method
Behavior
Class
Instance 
Inheritance
Delegation
Polymorphism 
Cohesion 
Coupling

Method

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the results of a message being processed through a method.

Method
Behavior
Class
Instance 
Inheritance
Delegation
Polymorphism 
Cohesion 
Coupling

Behavior

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A collection of the common methods from a set of objects that defines the behavior
of those objects is a _____

Method
Behavior
Class
Instance 
Inheritance
Delegation
Polymorphism 
Cohesion 
Coupling

Class

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examples of classes that contain their methods.

Method
Behavior
Class
Instance 
Inheritance
Delegation
Polymorphism 
Cohesion 
Coupling

Instance

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when methods from a class (parent or superclass) are
taken on by another subclass (child).

Method
Behavior
Class
Instance 
Inheritance
Delegation
Polymorphism 
Cohesion 
Coupling

Inheritance

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the forwarding of a request by an object to another object

Method
Behavior
Class
Instance 
Inheritance
Delegation
Polymorphism 
Cohesion 
Coupling

Delegation

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the characteristic of an object that allows it to respond with different behaviors to the same message or method because of changes in external
conditions

Method
Behavior
Class
Instance 
Inheritance
Delegation
Polymorphism 
Cohesion 
Coupling

Polymorphism

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The strength of the relationship between the purposes of the
methods within the same class.

Method
Behavior
Class
Instance 
Inheritance
Delegation
Polymorphism 
Cohesion 
Coupling

Cohesion

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the level of interaction between objects.

Method
Behavior
Class
Instance 
Inheritance
Delegation
Polymorphism 
Cohesion 
Coupling

Coupling

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Objects that have _____

cohesion require lots of assistance from other objects to perform tasks and have high coupling

low

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________ coupling provides better software design because objects are more
independent.

lower or higher

lower

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What model does allow development to return to the previous phase to correct defects discovered during the subsequent phase ?

Software Capability Maturity Model
IDEAL Model
Agile Software Development
Spiral Model 
Waterfall Model

Waterfall Model

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Which model eschewed the rigid models of the past
in favor of approaches that placed an emphasis on the needs of the customer and on quickly developing new functionality that meets those needs in an iterative fashion.

Software Capability Maturity Model
IDEAL Model
Agile Software Development
Spiral Model 
Waterfall Model

Agile Software Development

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Initial
Repeatable
Defined
Managed
Optimizing

Describe which model

Software Capability Maturity Model
IDEAL Model
Agile Software Development
Spiral Model 
Waterfall Model

Software Capability Maturity Model

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Initiating
Diagnosing
Establishing
Acting 
Learning

Software Capability Maturity Model

IDEAL Model

Agile Software Development

Spiral Model

Waterfall Model

IDEAL Model

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Which model t allows developers to return to the planning stages as changing technical demands and customer requirements necessitate the evolution of a system.

Spiral Model

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shows the interrelationships over time between projects
and schedules

Gantt Charts
PERT

Gantt chart

_____ is used to direct improvements to project management
and software coding in order to produce more efficient software.

Gantt Charts
PERT

PERT

Which part of the change management process double-checks and ensure that any code inserted as a programming aid during the change
process (such as debugging code and/or back doors) is removed before releasing the new software to production ?

Request Control
Change Control
Release Control

Release Control

Which part of the change management process provides an organized framework within
which users can request modifi cations, managers can conduct cost/benefi t analysis, and
developers can prioritize tasks.

Request Control
Change Control
Release Control

Request Control

Which part of the change management process provides an organized framework within which multiple developers can create and test a solution prior to rolling it out into a production environment.

Request Control
Change Control
Release Control

Change Control

Which part of the change management process includes conforming to quality control restrictions, developing tools for update or change deployment, properly documenting any coded changes, and restricting the effects of new code to minimize diminishment of security. Request Control Change Control Release Control

Change Control

DevOps approach consists of what parts ?

software development, quality assurance, and IT operations.

What allows application developers to bypass traditional web pages and interact directly with the underlying service through function calls ?

Application Programming Interfaces

A _____ database consists of flat two-dimensional tables made up of rows and columns. In fact, each table looks similar to a spreadsheet fi le.

relational

The number of rows in the relation is referred to as _______, and the number of columns is the _______.

cardinality, degree

is selected from the set of candidate keys for a table to be used to uniquely identify the records in a table. Candidate Keys Primary Keys Foreign Keys

Primary Keys

a subset of attributes that can be used to uniquely identify any record in a table. Candidate Keys Primary Keys Foreign Keys

Candidate Keys

is used to enforce relationships between two tables, also known as referential integrity. Candidate Keys Primary Keys Foreign Keys

Foreign Keys

once transactions are committed to the database, they must be preserved. Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability

Durability

If any part of the transaction fails, the entire transaction must be rolled back as if it never occurred. Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability

Atomicity

requires that transactions operate separately from each other Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability

Isolation

When a transaction is complete, the database must again be consistent with the rules, regardless of whether those rules were violated during the processing of the transaction itself Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability

Consistency

Multilevel security databases contain information at a number of different ________

classification levels

______ uses a “lock” feature to allow one user to make changes but deny other users access to views or make changes to data elements at the same time.

Concurrency

_____ is the concept of hiding individual database fields or cells or imposing more security restrictions on them.

Cell suppression

_________ occurs when two or more rows in the same relational database table appear to have identical primary key elements but contain different data for use at differing classification levels.

Polyinstantiation

____________ is a database feature that allows applications to communicate with different types of databases without having to be directly programmed for interaction with each type.

Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)

_______consists of volatile random access memory (RAM) and is usually the most high-performance storage resource available to a system. ``` Primary (or “real”) memory Secondary storage Virtual memory Virtual storage Random access storage Sequential access storage Volatile storage Nonvolatile storage ```

Primary (or “real”) memory

_____ include magnetic and optical media, such as tapes, disks, hard drives, fl ash drives, and CD/DVD storage. ``` Primary (or “real”) memory Secondary storage Virtual memory Virtual storage Random access storage Sequential access storage Volatile storage Nonvolatile storage ```

Secondary storage

_______ allows a system to simulate additional primary memory resources through the use of secondary storage. ``` Primary (or “real”) memory Secondary storage Virtual memory Virtual storage Random access storage Sequential access storage Volatile storage Nonvolatile storage ```

Virtual memory

________ allows a system to simulate secondary storage resources through the use of primary storage. ``` Primary (or “real”) memory Secondary storage Virtual memory Virtual storage Random access storage Sequential access storage Volatile storage Nonvolatile storage ```

Virtual storage

_______ allows the operating system to request contents from any point within the media. ``` Primary (or “real”) memory Secondary storage Virtual memory Virtual storage Random access storage Sequential access storage Volatile storage Nonvolatile storage ```

Random access storage

______ requires scanning through the entire media from the beginning to reach a specific address ``` Primary (or “real”) memory Secondary storage Virtual memory Virtual storage Random access storage Sequential access storage Volatile storage Nonvolatile storage ```

Sequential access storage

______ loses its contents when power is removed from the resource. RAM is the most common type of volatile storage resource. ``` Primary (or “real”) memory Secondary storage Virtual memory Virtual storage Random access storage Sequential access storage Volatile storage Nonvolatile storage ```

Volatile storage

_______ does not depend upon the presence of power to maintain its contents. Magnetic/optical media and nonvolatile RAM (NVRAM) are typical examples ``` Primary (or “real”) memory Secondary storage Virtual memory Virtual storage Random access storage Sequential access storage Volatile storage Nonvolatile storage ```

Nonvolatile storage