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Geology > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

1
Q

A long, elongate ridge of sand that parallels the coast

A

Barrier island

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2
Q

A sandbar that completely crosses a bay, sealing it off from the main body of water

A

Bay mouth bar

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3
Q

An accumulation of sediment found along the landward margin of the ocean or lake

A

Beach

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4
Q

The transport of sediment in a zigzag pattern along a beach, caused by the uprush of water from obliquely breaking waves

A

Beach drift

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5
Q

The wet, sloping surface that extends from the berm to the shoreline

A

Beach face

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6
Q

A process in which large quantities of sand are added to the beach system to offset losses caused by wave erosion. Building beaches seaward improves beach quality and storm protection

A

Beach nourishment

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7
Q

The dry, gently sloping zone on the back shore of a beach at the foot of coastal cliffs or dunes

A

Berm

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8
Q

A structure that protects a near shore area from breaking waves

A

Breakwater

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9
Q

A heavy sea wave that breaks into white foam on the shore or a shoal

A

Breakers

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10
Q

A strip of land that extends inland from the coastline as far as ocean- related features can be found

A

Coast

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11
Q

The coasts seaward edge. The landward limit of the effect of the highest storm waves on the shore.

A

Coastline

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12
Q

The movement of tidal current away from the shore

A

Ebb current

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13
Q

A clash where land formally below sea level has been exposed by crustal uplift or a drop in sea level has been exposed by crustal uplift orbs drop in sea level or both

A

Emergent coast

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14
Q

A funnel shaped inlet of the sea that formed when a rise in sea level or subsidence of land caused the mouth of a river to be flooded

A

Estuary

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15
Q

The portion of the shore that lies between the normal high and low water marks; the intertidal zone

A

Foreshore

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16
Q

A short walk built at a right angle to the sea shore to trap moving sand

A

Groin

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17
Q

A pair of structures extending into the ocean at the entrance to a harbor or river that are built for the purpose of protecting against storm waves and sediment deposition

A

Jetty

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18
Q

A near shore current that flows parallel to the shore

A

Longshore current

19
Q

A terrace formed along a seashore by the merging of wave cut and wave built terraces

A

Marine terrace

20
Q

The lowest tidal rang, occurring near the times of the first and third quarters of the moon

A

Neap tide

21
Q

The zone of a beach that extends from the low tide shoreline seaward to where waves break at low tide

A

Nearshore

22
Q

The relatively flat submerged zone that extends from the breaker line to the edge of the continental shelf

A

Offshore zone

23
Q

An arch formed by wave erosion when caves in opposite sides of a headlined unite

A

Sea arch

24
Q

An isolated mass of rock standing just offshore, produced by wave erosion of a headland

A

Sea stack

25
Q

A barrier constructed to prevent waves from reaching the areas behind the wall. It’s purpose is to defend property from the force of breaking waves

A

Seawall

26
Q

Seaward of the coast, a zone that extends from the highest level of wave action during storms to the lowest tide level

A

Shore

27
Q

The line that marks the contact between land and sea. It migrates up and down as the tide rises and falls.

A

Shoreline

28
Q

Am elongate ridge of sand that projects from the land into the mouth of an adjacent bay

A

Spit

29
Q

The highest tidal range. Occurs near the times of the new and full moons

A

Spring tide

30
Q

A coast whose form is largely a result of the perils drowning of a former land surface due to a rise of sea level or subsidence of crust, or both

A

Submergent coast

31
Q

The inner portion of the shore, lying landward of the high-third shoreline. It is usually dry, being affected by waves only during storms

A

Backshore

32
Q

A collective term for breakers; also the wave activity in the area between the shoreline and the outer limit of breakers

A

Surf zone

33
Q

The alternating horizontal movement of water associated with the rise and fall of the tide

A

Tidal current

34
Q

A delta like feature created when a rapidly moving tidal current emerges from a narrow inlet and slows, depositing its load of sediment

A

Tidal delta

35
Q

A marshy or muddy area that is alternately covered and uncovered by the resigned fall of the tide

A

Tidal flats

36
Q

The periodic change in elevation of the ocean surface

A

Tide

37
Q

A Ben n or shelf along a

Shore At sea level, cut by wave erosion

A

Wave-cut platform

39
Q

A seaward facing cliff along a steep shoreline formed by wave erosion at its base and mass wasting your

A

Wave-cut cliff

40
Q

The vertical distance between trough and crest of a wave

A

Wave height

41
Q

The horizontal distance separating successive crests or troughs

A

Wavelength

42
Q

The time interval between the passage of successive crests at a stationary point

A

Wave period

43
Q

A change in direction of waves as they enter shallow waters the portion of the wave in shallow water is slowed, which causes the waves to bend and align with the underwater contours

A

Wave refraction

44
Q

A ridge of sand that connects an island to the mainland or to another island

A

Tombolo

Geology (9 decks)

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