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Geology > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

A circular doe folded structure

A

Basin

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2
Q

When rocks break into smaller pieces

A

Brittle deformation

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3
Q

Differential stress that shortens a rock body, even pressure on all sides

A

Compressional stress

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4
Q

General term for the process of folding, faulting, shearing, compression, or extension of rocks as the result of various natural forces

A

Deformation

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5
Q

Forces that are unequal in different directions

A

Differential stress

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6
Q

The angle at which a rock layer or fault is inclined from the horizontal. The direction of dip is at right angle to the strike

A

Dip

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7
Q

A fault in which the movement is parallel to the dip of the fault

A

Dip-slip fault

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8
Q

A roughly circular unfolded structure

A

Dome

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9
Q

A type of solid-state flow that produces a change in the size of a rock body without fracturing.
Occurs at depths where temperatures and confining pressures are high

A

Ductile deformation

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10
Q

A break in a rock mass along which movement had occurred

A

Fault

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11
Q

A cliff created by movement along a fault. It represents the exposed surface of the fault prior to modification by weathering and erosion

A

Fault scarp

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12
Q

A bent layer or series of layers that were originally horizontal and subsequently deformed

A

Fold

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13
Q

That which tends to put stationary objects in motion or changes the motions of moving objects

A

Force

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14
Q

A valley formed by the downloaded displacement of a fault-bounded block

A

Graben

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15
Q

A tilted fault block in which the higher side is associated with mountainous topography and the lower side is a basin that fills with sediment

A

Half-Graben

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16
Q

An elongate, uplifted block of crust bounded by faults

A

Horst

17
Q

A fracture in rock along which there has been no movement

A

Joint

18
Q

A remnant of outlier of a thrust sheet that was isolated by erosion

A

Klippe

19
Q

A one-limbed flexes in strata. The strata are usually flat-lying or very gently dipping down on both sides of the monocline

A

Monocline

20
Q

A fault in which the rock above fault plane has moved down relative to the rock below

A

Normal fault

21
Q

A fault in which the material above the fault planes moves up in relation to the material above

A

Reverse fault

22
Q

Stress that causes two adjacent parts of a body to slide past one another

A

Shear

23
Q

An irreversible change in the shape and size of a rock body caused by stress

A

Strain

24
Q

The force per unit areas acting on any surface within a solid

A

Stress

25
Q

The compass direction of the line of intersection created by a dipping bed or fault and a horizontal surface. Is always perpendicular to the direction of dip.

A

Strike

26
Q

A fault along which the movement is horizontal

A

Strike-slip fault

27
Q

A linear downfold in sedimentary strata; the opposite of anticline

A

Syncline

28
Q

The type of stress that tends to pull a body apart

A

Tensional stress

29
Q

A low-angle reverse fault

A

Thrust fault

30
Q

A major strike-slip fault that cuts through the lithosphere and accommodates motion between two plates

A

Transform fault

31
Q

Where axial planes intersects folded strata

A

Hinge line

32
Q

Beds dip at about the same angle, but in opposite directions in

A

Symmetrical fold

33
Q

Axial plane is inclined and limbs in opposite directions, but at different angles

A

Asymmetrical fold

34
Q

Axial plane is inclined and both limbs dip in the same direction

A

Overturned fold

35
Q

Divides a fold into two symmetrical halves

A

Axial plane

36
Q

Occurs when the hinge line is not horizontal and the fold appears to plunge into the ground

A

Plunging fold

37
Q

The rock surface immediately above a fault

A

Hanging wall

38
Q

The rock surface below a fault

A

Footwall

39
Q

A fold in sedimentary strata that resembles an arch

A

Anticline

Geology (9 decks)

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