Chapter 20

Question 0

Alkaline Waves

Answer 0

Also known as “cold waves” ; have a pH between 8.0 and 9.6, use ammonium thioglycolate (ATG) as the reducing agent, and process at room temperature without addition of heat

Question 1

Acid-Balanced Waves

Answer 1

Permanent waves that have 7.0 or neutral pH; because of their higher pH, they process at room temperature, do require the added heat of a hair dryer, process more quickly, and produce firmer curls than true acid waves

Question 2

Amino Acids

Answer 2

Compounds made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur

Question 3

Ammonia-Free Waves

Answer 3

Perms that use an ingredient that does not evaporate as readily as ammonia, so there is very little odor associated with their use

Question 4

Ammonium Thioglycolate (ATG)

Answer 4

Active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanents

Question 5

Base Control

Answer 5

Position of the tool in relation to its base section, determined by the angle at which the hair is wrapped.

Question 6

Base Direction

Answer 6

Angle at which the rod is positioned on the head (horizontally, vertically, or diagonally); also, the directional pattern in which the hair is wrapped.

Question 7

Base Cream

Answer 7

Also know as protective base cream; oily cream used to protect the skin and scalp during hair relaxing

Question 8

Base Placement

Answer 8

Refers to the position of the rod in relation to its base section, base placement is determined by the angle at which the hair is wrapped.

Question 9

Base Sections

Answer 9

Subsections of panels into which hair is divided for perm wrapping; one rod is normally placed on each base section.

Question 10

Basic Permanent Wrap

Answer 10

Also known as a “straight set wrap” ; perm wrapping pattern in which all the rods within a panel move in the same direction and are positioned on equal-sized bases; all the base sections are horiziontal, and are the same length and width as the perm rod

Question 11

Bookended Wrap

Answer 11

Perm wrap in which one end paper is folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope

Question 12

Bricklay Permanent Wrap

Answer 12

Perm wrap similar to actual technique of bricklaying; base sections are offset from each other row by row, to prevent noticeable splits and to blend the flow of the hair

Question 13

Chemical Hair Relaxing

Answer 13

A process or service that rearranges the structures of curly hair into a straighter or smoother form

Question 14

Chemical Texture Services

Answer 14

Hair service that cause a chemical change that alters the natural wave pattern of the hair

Question 15

Concave rods

Answer 15

perm rods that have similar diameter in the center that increases to a larger diameter on the ends

Question 16

Croquignole Perm Wrap

Answer 16

Perms in which the hair strands are wrapped from the ends to the scalp in overlapping concentric layers

Question 17

Curvature Permanent Wrap

Answer 17

Perm wrap in which the hair strands are wrapped from the ends to the the scalp in overlapping concentric layers

Question 18

Double flat wrap

Answer 18

Perm wrap in which one end paper is placed

Question 19

Double Rod Wrap

Answer 19

Also know as piggypack wrap; a wrap technique whereby extra long hair is wrapped on one rod from the scalp to midway down the hair shaft, and another rod is used to wrap the remaining hair strand in the same direction

Question 20

End Papers

Answer 20

Also known as end wraps; absorbent papers used to control the ends of the hair when wrapping and winding hair on perm rods

Question 21

Endothermic Waves

Answer 21

Create an Exothermic chemical reaction that heats up the waving solution and speeds up the processing

Question 22

Glyceryl Monothioglycolate (GMTG)

Answer 22

Main active ingredient in true acid and acid-balanced waving lotions

Question 23

Half of-base placement

Answer 23

Base control in which the hair is wrapped at an angle of 90 degrees or perpendicular to its base section, and the rod is positioned half off its base section

Question 24

Hydroxide Neutralization

Answer 24

An acid-alkali neutralization reaction that neutralizes(deactivates) the alkaline residues left in the hair by a hydroxide relaxer and lowers the pH of the hair and scalp; hydroxide relaxer neutralization does not involve oxidation or rebuild disulfide bonds

Question 25

Hydroxide Relaxers

Answer 25

Very strong alkalis with a pH over 13; the hydroxide ion is the active ingredient in all hydroxide relaxers

Question 26

Keratin proteins

Answer 26

Long, coiled polypeptide chains

Question 27

Lanthionzation

Answer 27

Process by which hydroxide relaxers permanently straighten hair; the remove a sulfur atom from disulfide bond and convert it into a lanthionine bond

Question 28

Loop Rod

Answer 28

Also known as circle rod; tool that is usually about 12 inches long with uniform diameter along the entire length of the rod

Question 29

Low pH waves

Answer 29

Perms that use sulfates, sulfites, and bisulifites as an alternative to ammonium thioglycolate; they have low pH