Chapter 12

Question 0

Alkanolamines

Answer 0

Alkaline substance used to nuetralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products

Question 1

Alkalis

Answer 1

Also known as bases; compunds that react with acids to form salts

Question 2

Alkaline Solution

Answer 2

A solution that has a pH level above 7.0 (nuetral)

Question 3

Acidic Solution

Answer 3

A solution that has a pH below 7.0 (nuetral)

Question 4

Alpha Hydroxy Acids

Answer 4

Abbreviated AHAs; acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin.

Question 5

Ammonia

Answer 5

Colorless gas with a ounget odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen.

Question 6

Anion

Answer 6

An ion with a negaiton electrical charge

Question 7

Atom

Answer 7

The smallest chemical components (often called particals) of an element; structures that make up the the element and have the same properties of the element.

Question 8

Cation

Answer 8

An ion with a positive electrical charge

Question 9

Chemical Change

Answer 9

A change in the chemical composistion or make-up of a substance

Question 10

Chemical Properties

Answer 10

Charateristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance (Found in chapter 12)

Question 11

Chemistry

Answer 11

Science that deals with the composiotion, structures, and properties, of matter, and how matter changes under different condition (Found in chapter 12)

Question 12

Combusion

Answer 12

Rapid oxyidation of a substance, accompained by the production of heat and light (Found in chapter 12)

Question 13

Compund Molecules

Answer 13

Also known as compounds; a chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proportions (Found in chapter 12)

Question 14

Element

Answer 14

The simplest form of chemical matter; an element cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity (Found in chapter 12)

Question 15

Element Molecule

Answer 15

Molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in definite (fixed) proportions (Found in chapter 12)

Question 16

Emulsifier

Answer 16

An ingredient that bring brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds then into a uniform and fairly stable blend.

Question 17

Emulsion

Answer 17

An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances (substances that normally will not stay a blend) plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier

Question 18

Exothermic Reactions

Answer 18

Chemical reactions that release a significant amount of heat

Question 19

Glycerin

Answer 19

Sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams

Question 20

Immiscible

Answer 20

Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions

Question 21

Inorganic Chemistry

Answer 21

The study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen

Question 22

Ion

Answer 22

An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge

Question 23

Ionization

Answer 23

The separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions

Question 24

Lipophilic

Answer 24

Having an affinity for it an attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving)

Question 25

Logarithm

Answer 25

Multiples of ten

Question 26

Matter

Answer 26

Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight)

Question 27

Miscible

Answer 27

Liquids that are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions

Question 28

Molecule

Answer 28

A chemical combination of two or mor atoms in definite (fixed) proportions

Question 29

Oil-in-water emulsion

Answer 29

Abbreviated O/W emulsion; oil droplets emulsified in water

Question 30

Organic chemistry

Answer 30

The study of substances w/ oxygen to produce an oxide

Question 31

Oxidation-reduction

Answer 31

Also known as redox; a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduce (by loosing oxygen) and the reducing agent is oxidized (by gaining oxygen)

Question 32

Oxidizing Agent

Answer 32

Substance that releases oxygen

Question 33

pH

Answer 33

The abbreviation used for potential hydrogen. pH represents the quantity of hydrogen ions.

Question 34

pH Scale

Answer 34

A measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a substance; without a chemical reaction or the creation of a new substance

Question 35

Physical change

Answer 35

A change in the form or physical properties of a substance, w/o a chemical reaction or the creAtion of a new substance

Question 36

Physical Mixture

Answer 36

A physical combination of matter in any proportions

Question 37

Pure Substances

Answer 37

A chemical combination of matter in definite (fixed) proportions.

Question 38

Reducing Agent

Answer 38

A substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound

Question 39

Physical properties

Answer 39

Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical change in the substance

Question 40

Reduction

Answer 40

The process through which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance through a chemical reaction

Question 41

Reduction reaction

Answer 41

A chemical reaction in which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance

Question 42

Silicones

Answer 42

Special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water resistant lubricants for the skin, and nail polish dryers.

Question 43

Solute

Answer 43

The substance that is dissolved in a solution

Question 44

Solution

Answer 44

A stable physical mixture of two or more substances

Question 45

Solvent

Answer 45

The substance that dissolves the solute and makes a solution

Question 46

State of Matter

Answer 46

The thee different physical forms if matter - solid, liquid, and gas

Question 47

Surfactants

Answer 47

A contradiction of surface active agents; substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify.

Question 48

Suspension

Answer 48

Unstable physical mixtures of in dissolved particles in a liquid

Question 49

Thioglycolic Acid

Answer 49

A colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solutions

Question 50

Volatile alcohols

Answer 50

Alcohols that evaporate easily

Question 51

Volatile Organic compounds

Answer 51

Abbreviated VOCs; compounds that contain carbon (organic) and evaporate very easily (volatile).

Question 52

Water-In-Oil Emulsion

Answer 52

Abbreviated W/O emulsion; water droplets are emulsified in oil