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Cosmetology > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

0
Q

Alkanolamines

A

Alkaline substance used to nuetralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products

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1
Q

Alkalis

A

Also known as bases; compunds that react with acids to form salts

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2
Q

Alkaline Solution

A

A solution that has a pH level above 7.0 (nuetral)

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3
Q

Acidic Solution

A

A solution that has a pH below 7.0 (nuetral)

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4
Q

Alpha Hydroxy Acids

A

Abbreviated AHAs; acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin.

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5
Q

Ammonia

A

Colorless gas with a ounget odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen.

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6
Q

Anion

A

An ion with a negaiton electrical charge

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7
Q

Atom

A

The smallest chemical components (often called particals) of an element; structures that make up the the element and have the same properties of the element.

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8
Q

Cation

A

An ion with a positive electrical charge

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9
Q

Chemical Change

A

A change in the chemical composistion or make-up of a substance

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10
Q

Chemical Properties

A

Charateristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance (Found in chapter 12)

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11
Q

Chemistry

A

Science that deals with the composiotion, structures, and properties, of matter, and how matter changes under different condition (Found in chapter 12)

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12
Q

Combusion

A

Rapid oxyidation of a substance, accompained by the production of heat and light (Found in chapter 12)

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13
Q

Compund Molecules

A

Also known as compounds; a chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proportions (Found in chapter 12)

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14
Q

Element

A

The simplest form of chemical matter; an element cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity (Found in chapter 12)

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15
Q

Element Molecule

A

Molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in definite (fixed) proportions (Found in chapter 12)

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16
Q

Emulsifier

A

An ingredient that bring brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds then into a uniform and fairly stable blend.

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17
Q

Emulsion

A

An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances (substances that normally will not stay a blend) plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier

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18
Q

Exothermic Reactions

A

Chemical reactions that release a significant amount of heat

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19
Q

Glycerin

A

Sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams

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20
Q

Immiscible

A

Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions

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21
Q

Inorganic Chemistry

A

The study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen

22
Q

Ion

A

An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge

23
Q

Ionization

A

The separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions

24
Q

Lipophilic

A

Having an affinity for it an attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving)

25
Q

Logarithm

A

Multiples of ten

26
Q

Matter

A

Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight)

27
Q

Miscible

A

Liquids that are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions

28
Q

Molecule

A

A chemical combination of two or mor atoms in definite (fixed) proportions

29
Q

Oil-in-water emulsion

A

Abbreviated O/W emulsion; oil droplets emulsified in water

30
Q

Organic chemistry

A

The study of substances w/ oxygen to produce an oxide

31
Q

Oxidation-reduction

A

Also known as redox; a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduce (by loosing oxygen) and the reducing agent is oxidized (by gaining oxygen)

32
Q

Oxidizing Agent

A

Substance that releases oxygen

33
Q

pH

A

The abbreviation used for potential hydrogen. pH represents the quantity of hydrogen ions.

34
Q

pH Scale

A

A measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a substance; without a chemical reaction or the creation of a new substance

35
Q

Physical change

A

A change in the form or physical properties of a substance, w/o a chemical reaction or the creAtion of a new substance

36
Q

Physical Mixture

A

A physical combination of matter in any proportions

37
Q

Pure Substances

A

A chemical combination of matter in definite (fixed) proportions.

38
Q

Reducing Agent

A

A substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound

39
Q

Physical properties

A

Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical change in the substance

40
Q

Reduction

A

The process through which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance through a chemical reaction

41
Q

Reduction reaction

A

A chemical reaction in which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance

42
Q

Silicones

A

Special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water resistant lubricants for the skin, and nail polish dryers.

43
Q

Solute

A

The substance that is dissolved in a solution

44
Q

Solution

A

A stable physical mixture of two or more substances

45
Q

Solvent

A

The substance that dissolves the solute and makes a solution

46
Q

State of Matter

A

The thee different physical forms if matter - solid, liquid, and gas

47
Q

Surfactants

A

A contradiction of surface active agents; substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify.

48
Q

Suspension

A

Unstable physical mixtures of in dissolved particles in a liquid

49
Q

Thioglycolic Acid

A

A colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solutions

50
Q

Volatile alcohols

A

Alcohols that evaporate easily

51
Q

Volatile Organic compounds

A

Abbreviated VOCs; compounds that contain carbon (organic) and evaporate very easily (volatile).

52
Q

Water-In-Oil Emulsion

A

Abbreviated W/O emulsion; water droplets are emulsified in oil

Cosmetology (7 decks)

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