Chapter 20 Flashcards
The failure of the heart to pump efficiently, leading to excessive blood or fluid in the lungs, the body, or both
Congestive heart failure
Shortness of breath; labored or difficulty breathing
Dyspnea
Diseases that affect the arteries of the heart
Coronary artery disease
A blanket term used to represent any symptoms related to lack of oxygen in the heart muscle (ischemia)
Acute coronary syndrome
The dilation, or ballooning, of a weekend section of the wall of an artery
Aneurysm
Pain in the chest, which occurs when blood supply to the heart is reduced in the portion of the heart muscle is not receiving enough oxygen
Angina pectoris
The condition in which a portion of the myocardium dies as a result of oxygen starvation; often called a heart attack by laypersons
Acute myocardial infarction
When the heart rate is slow, usually below 60 bpm
Bradycardia
The heart and blood vessels make up what?
Cardiovascular system
Disturbance in heart rate and rhythm
Dysrhythmia
A cardiac arrest that occurs within two hours of the onset of symptoms; the patient may have no prior symptoms of coronary artery disease
Sudden death
Swelling resulting from a buildup of fluid in the tissues
Edema
Accumulation of fluid in the lungs
Pulmonary edema
A medication that dilates the blood vessels
Nitro
Accumulation of fluid in the feet or ankles
Pedal edema
O’clock formed of blood and plaque attached to the inner wall of an artery or vein
Thrombus
A condition in which the hearts electrical impulses are disorganized, preventing the heart muscle from contracting normally
Ventricular fibrillation
Blockage, As of an artery by fatty deposits
Occlusion
A condition in which the hearts electrical rhythm remains relatively normal, yet the mechanical pumping activity fails to follow the electrical activity, causing cardiac arrest
Pulseless electrical activity
Blockage of the vessel by a clock or foreign material brought to the site by the blood current
Embolism
A condition in which the heart has ceased generating electrical impulses
Asystole
A condition in which the heartbeat is quite rapid; if rapid enough, it will not allow the hearts chambers to feel with enough blood between beats to produce bloodflow sufficient to meet the body needs
Ventricular tachycardia
Acute coronary syndrome is a blanket term that refers to what?
Anytime the heart may not be getting enough oxygen
In addition to chest pain or discomfort, the patient with cardiac compromise will also complain of what?
Dyspnea
what is the maximum number of doses routinely given by the EMT of Nitro
Three
In order for nitro to be used the patient’s blood pressure must be greater or lower than 100 systolic
Greater
If the patient’s blood pressure falls below 100 systolic after the EMT has administered Nitro PMT should do what?
Treat for shocking transport promptly
Is nitro appropriate or a patient with an obvious head injury and altered mental state?
No
After administering nitro what is it important to assess
Vital signs
What percentage of patients who experience a cardiac arrest have no previous history of cardiac problems
25%
With the five links in the chain of survival
Early access Early CPR Early defibrillation Advanced care And post resuscitation care
