Chapter 20, 21: Water and Water Analysis Flashcards
Define hard water
Hard water is water that will not easily form a lather with soap
Causes of water hardness
Calcium and magnesium ions
Define temporary hardness
Temporary hardness is hardness that can be removed by boiling
Causes of temporary hardness in water
Calcium hydrogencarbonate
Define permanent hardness
Permanent hardness is hardness in water that can only be removed by methods other than boiling (such as ion exchange or distillation)
Define flocculation
Flocculation is the coming together of small suspended solids in water
Define primary treatment
Primary treatment involves screening and settlement, and it is a physical process
Define secondary treatment
Secondary treatment is a biological process involving the oxidation by micro-organisms of the nutrients present in the effluent
Define tertiary treatment
Tertiary treatment involves the removal of phosphates and nitrates from the effluent
Define eutrophication
Eutrophication is the presence of excessive nutrient content in a water body to an extent that causes over-abundant plant growth
Name three cumulative poisons
Mercury, cadmium, lead
How to measure the concentration of a heavy metal in water
Atomic absorption spectrometer
Define biochemical oxygen demand
The biochemical oxygen demand of a water sample is defined as the amount of dissolved oxygen in ppm used up by the sample over a period of 5 days at 20C in the dark
7 steps of water treatment
sarah feels sid’s fat cock for pleasure
- Screening
- Flocculation
- Sedimentation
- Filtration
- Chlorination
- Flouridation
- pH adjustment
3 steps sewage treatment
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
