Chapter 20

Question 1

The orderly sequence of events that occurs as an organism grows and matures

Answer 1

Development

Question 2

The evolution of a new species

Answer 2

Speciation

Question 3

Reproductive isolating mechanisms that prevent fertilization from taking place

Answer 3

Prezygotic Barriers

Question 4

The most common method of speciation and accounts for almost all evolution of new animal species

Answer 4

Allopatric Speciation

Question 5

A population is declared a separate species if it has undergone evolution long enough for statistically significant differences in diagnostic traits to emerge

Answer 5

Phylogenetic Species Concept

Question 6

The continuous, low-level extinction of species

Answer 6

Background Extinction

Question 7

When fertilization happens between gametes of two closely related species despite the existence of prezygotic barriers

Answer 7

Postzygotic Barriers

Question 8

Speciation that occurs when one population becomes geographically separated from the rest of the species and subsequently evolves by natural selection and/or genetic drift

Answer 8

Allopatric Speciation

Question 9

The science of naming, describing, and classifying organisms

Answer 9

Taxonomy

Question 10

A taxonomic subdivision of a species

Answer 10

Subspecies

Question 11

The end of a lineage, occurs when the last individual of a species dies

Answer 11

Extinction

Question 12

Genetic exchange between two groups is prevented because they reproduce at different times of the day, season, or year

Answer 12

Temporal Isolation

Question 13

Who was Linnaeus?

Answer 13

The 18th century biologist who founded modern taxonomy

Question 14

New ecological opportunities that were not exploited by an ancestral organism

Answer 14

Adaptive Zones

Question 15

The inability of a hybrid to reproduce because of some defect

Answer 15

Hybrid Breakdown

Question 16

The egg and sperm of different species are incompatible

Answer 16

Gametic Isolation

Question 17

The number of chromosome sets making up an organism’s genome

Answer 17

Ploidy

Question 18

The genes from parents belonging to different species do not interact properly in regulating the mechanisms for normal development

Answer 18

Hybrid Inviability

Question 19

When a new species evolves within the same geographic region as the parental species

Answer 19

Sympatric Speciation

Question 20

A species consists of one or more populations whose members interbreed in nature to produce fertile offspring and do not interbreed with

Answer 20

Biological Species Concept

Question 21

What are the 3 evolutionary processes that may occur in hybrid zones?

Answer 21

1. Reinforcement
2. Fusion
3. Stability

Question 22

Contains multiple sets of chromosomes from two or more species

Answer 22

Allopolyploidy

Question 23

The hybrids in a hybrid zone are as fit as either of the parental populations

Answer 23

Fusion

Question 24

Two closely related species may be found in the same geographic area, they usually live and breed in different habitats in that area

Answer 24

Habitat Isolation

Question 25

The increase in reproductive isolation that often occurs over time in a hybrid zone

Answer 25

Reinforcement

Question 26

The evolutionary diversification of many related species from one or a few ancestral species in a relatively shorty period

Answer 26

Adaptive Radiation

Question 27

Choosing a mate based on its color or some other characteristic

Answer 27

Sexual Selection

Question 28

When incompatible structures of the genital organs prevent successful mating

Answer 28

Mechanical Isolation

Question 29

The possession of more than two sets of chromosomes

Answer 29

Polyploidy

Question 30

Exert control over hundreds of other genes during development

Answer 30

Regulatory Genes

Question 31

Problems during meiosis cause the gametes of an interspecific hybrid to be abnormal

Answer 31

Hybrid Sterility

Question 32

An evolutionary process in which the hybrids are more fit than either parental population

Answer 32

Stability

Question 33

Type of model in which evolution proceeded continuously over long periods

Answer 33

Phyletic Gradualism

Question 34

Sexual reproduction between individuals from closely related species

Answer 34

Hybridization

Question 35

An area of overlap between two recently diverged populations in which interbreeding takes place and hybrid offspring are common

Answer 35

Hybrid Zone

Question 36

The concept of distinct kinds of organisms

Answer 36

Species

Question 37

Animal species that exchange a distinctive series of signals before mating

Answer 37

Behavioral Isolation

Question 38

Areas of transition between two different environments

Answer 38

Ecotones

Question 39

Contains multiple sets of chromosomes from a single species

Answer 39

Autopolyploidy

Question 40

Large-scale phenotypic changes in populations that generally warrant their placement in taxonomic groups at the species level and higher

Answer 40

Macroevolution

Question 41

What model was proposed by paleontologists who questioned whether the fossil record really is as incomplete as it initially appeared

Answer 41

Punctuated Equilibrium Model