Chapter 20

Question 1

Who is the Father of Genetics?

Answer 1

Gregor Mendel

Question 2

Where was his monastery?

Answer 2

Brno, Czech Republic

Question 3

What organism did Mendel’s famous work involve?

Answer 3

Pea plants (Pisum sativum)

Question 4

Is “hair color” a trait, a genotype, or a phenotype?

Answer 4

phenotype

Question 5

Is “Height” a trait, a genotype, or a phenotype?

Answer 5

Trait

Question 6

What are two possible phenotypes associated with hair color?

Answer 6

Blonde, brown

Question 7

What are two traits that Mendel worked to understand?

Answer 7

Flower color, seed shape

Question 8

What tool did Mendel use to physically pollinate pea plants?

Answer 8

A small brush

Question 9

Are true breeding plants homozygous or heterozygous?

Answer 9

Homozygous

Question 10

What ratio of purple:white flowers did Mendel observe in the offspring of a true breeding cross?

Answer 10

1:0 (all purple)

Question 11

What ratio of purple:white flowers did Mendel observe in the second generation (F2)?

Answer 11

3:1

Question 12

How many traits did Mendel observe in total?

Answer 12

7 traits

Question 13

What are the “particles” Mendel proposed plants pass to their offspring?

Answer 13

Genes

Question 14

How is the dominant allele represented in genotypes?

Answer 14

With a capital letter

Question 15

How is the recessive allele represented in genotypes?

Answer 15

With a lowercase letter

Question 16

If an individual has two recessive alleles, what phenotype will it show?

Answer 16

Recessive phenotype

Question 17

What is the assortment of alleles an individual has called?

Answer 17

Genotype

Question 18

What is the physical manifestation of a genotype called?

Answer 18

Phenotype

Question 19

If an individual has two dominant alleles, or one dominant and one recessive, what phenotype will it show?

Answer 19

Dominant phenotype

Question 20

If a pea plant is PP and another is pp, what color will the offspring be?

Answer 20

Purple

Question 21

Is the purple color a genotype or a phenotype?

Answer 21

Phenotype

Question 22

What will the genotype of the offspring be in the PP x pp cross?

Answer 22

Pp

Question 23

When an individual has two identical alleles, what is it called?

Answer 23

Homozygous

Question 24

What is it called when individuals have two different alleles?

Answer 24

Heterozygous

Question 25

What is the name of the first generation offspring (from true breeding parents)?

Answer 25

F1 (first filial) generation

Question 26

What ratio of genotypes does the F2 generation have when F1 individuals self?

Answer 26

1:2:1 (PP:Pp:pp)

Question 27

What tool is used to show potential offspring combinations?

Answer 27

Punnett square

Question 28

If you see a purple flower in the wild, can you determine its genotype by sight?

Answer 28

No

Question 29

What method helps determine the genotype of an unknown individual?

Answer 29

Test cross

Question 30

What genotype did a mystery plant have if a test cross resulted in 43 white and 54 purple offspring?

Answer 30

Heterozygous (Pp)

Question 31

What genotype did a mystery purple plant have if a test cross resulted in 54 purple and 0 white offspring?

Answer 31

Homozygous dominant (PP)

Question 32

How many possible offspring genotypes result from a Punnett square for a dihybrid cross?

Answer 32

16

Question 33

If a parent has the genotype RRYY, what alleles will each column in its Punnett square contain?

Answer 33

RY

Question 34

In a dihybrid cross, what genotypes go above each column?

Answer 34

RY, Ry, rY, ry

Question 35

What is a dihybrid cross?

Answer 35

A cross between two individuals that are heterozygous for two different traits.

Question 36

What genotype belongs in the square for rryy?

Answer 36

rryy

Question 37

Will the pea with rryy genotype be green or yellow?

Answer 37

Green

Question 38

Will the pea with rryy genotype be round or wrinkled?

Answer 38

Wrinkled

Question 39

Once a dihybrid cross is filled in, what fraction of the offspring would be yellow and round

Answer 39

9/16

Question 40

What fraction of the offspring would be yellow and wrinkled?

Answer 40

3/16

Question 41

What fraction of the offspring would be green and round?

Answer 41

3/16

Question 42

What fraction of the offspring would be green and wrinkled?

Answer 42

1/16

Question 43

What phenotypes result from a test cross between a heterozygote (RrYy) and a homozygous recessive (rryy)?

Answer 43

1/4 yellow round, 1/4 yellow wrinkled, 1/4 green round, 1/4 green wrinkled

Question 44

What fraction of offspring would have short branches and large cones in a pine tree cross?

Answer 44

3/16

Question 45

What fraction of offspring would have small cones in the same pine tree cross?

Answer 45

3/4 (12/16)

Question 46

In pine trees, which alleles are recessive?

Answer 46

Alleles for long branches and small cones