chapter 2 - week 1

Question 1

drug

Answer 1

Any chemical that affects the physiological processes of a living organism

Question 2

pharmacology

Answer 2

Broadest term for the study or science of drugs

Question 3

3 different type of drug names

Answer 3

Chemical name
Describes the drug’s chemical composition and molecular structure

Generic name(nonproprietary, official name)
Name given to a drug approved by Health Canada

Trade name (proprietary name)
The drug has a registered trademark; use 
of the name is restricted by the drug’s patent owner (usually the manufacturer).

Question 4

drug classification

Answer 4

Drugs are grouped together based on their similar properties
Drugs can be classified by their structure
Drugs can be classified by their therapeutic use

Question 5

what are the 8 pharmacological principles

Answer 5

Pharmaceutics
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacogenomics (pharmacogenetics)
Pharmacotherapeutics
Pharmacognosy
Pharmacoeconomics
Toxicology

Question 6

pharmaceutics

Answer 6

The study of how various drug forms influence the way in which the drug affects the body

Question 7

pharmacokinetic

Answer 7

The study of what the body does to the drug
From the time drug is put into the body until the parent drug and metabolites have left the body
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

Question 8

absorption

Answer 8

Absorption is the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the bloodstream for distribution to the tissues. Bioavailability describes the extent of drug absorption. For example, a drug that is absorbed from the intestine must first pass through the liver before it reaches the systemic circulation. ). If a large proportion of a drug is chemically changed into inactive metabolites in the liver, then a much smaller amount of drug will pass into the circulation (i.e., will be bioavailable). Such a drug is said to have a high first-pass effect (can be up to 100& of bioavailability, IV route will always 100% bioavailable)

Question 9

different routes

Answer 9

Enteral route
Sublingual and buccal routes
Topical route
Transdermal route
Inhalation route
Parenteral route:
* Intradermally
* subcutaneously
* Intravenously
* Intramuscularly
* Intrathecally
* intra-articularly
* intra-arterially

Question 10

enteral route

Answer 10

The drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation through the mucosa of the stomach, small intestine, or large intestine
* Oral
* Sublingual
* Buccal
* Rectal (can also be topical)

Question 11

parenteral route

Answer 11

Intravenous
* fastest due to direct delivery into the blood circulation

Intramuscular
Subcutaneous
Intradermal
Intra-arterial
Intrathecal
Intra-articular

Question 12

topical route

Answer 12

Skin (including transdermal patches)
Eyes
Ears
Nose
Lungs (inhalation)
Rectum
Vagina

Question 13

Distrubtion

Answer 13

Distribution refers to the transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of action. Drugs are distributed first to those areas with extensive blood supply. Areas of rapid distribution include the heart, liver, kidneys, and brain. Areas of slower distribution include muscle, skin, and fat. Once a drug enters the circulating blood, it is distributed throughout the body.

Question 14

what is albumin

Answer 14

Albumin is the most common blood protein and carries the majority of protein-bound drug molecules.
If a given drug binds to albumin, only a limited amount of the drug is not bound.
This unbound portion is active and is considered “free” drug.

Question 15

metabolism

Answer 15

Also referred to as biotransformation
Biochemical alteration of a drug into any of the following:
an inactive metabolite
* a more soluble compound
* a more potent metabolite (as in the conversion of an inactive prodrug to its active form)
* a less active metabolite

Question 16

elimation

Answer 16

Elimination of drugs from the body
Primary organ responsible is kidney
Liver and bowel also play a role
Renal excretion
Biliary excretion

Question 17

what is a hlaf life

Answer 17

time required for half (50%) of a given drug to be removed from the body

Question 18

peak level

Answer 18

highest blood level of a drug

Question 19

through level

Answer 19

lowest blood level of a drug

Question 20

toxicity

Answer 20

occurs if the peak blood level of the drug is too high

Question 21

pharmacodynamics

Answer 21

The study of what the drug does to the body
* The mechanism of drug actions in living tissues
* Therapeutic effect
* The goal of drug therapy
* Mechanism of action
* Receptor interactions
* Enzyme interactions

Question 22

pharmacotherapeitocs

Answer 22

The clinical use of drugs to prevent and treat diseases
Desired therapeutic outcomes is patient-specific, established in collaboration with the patient.
Outcome goals need to be realistic.

Question 23

what would you montior for in you patient after giving drugs

Answer 23

Therapeutic action
Beneficial effects
Adverse effects
Predictable adverse drug reactions
Toxic effects
Therapeutic index
Drug concentration
Patient condition

Question 24

ten rights of medications administration

Answer 24

Right drug for Right Medication
Right dose
Right time
Right route
Right patient
Right reason
Right documentation
Right evaluation for right assessment
Right patient education
Right to refuse

Question 25

pharmacognosy

Answer 25

The process of identifying medicinal plans and their ingredients, pharmacological effects, and therapeutic efficacy
Four main sources for drugs: plants, animals, minerals, and laboratory synthesis

Question 26

pharmacoeconomics

Answer 26

Study of the economic factors influencing the cost of drug therapy
Cost–benefit analysis

Question 27

toxicology

Answer 27

Science of poisons and unwanted responses to both drugs and chemicals
Clinical toxicology deals specifically with the care of poisoned patients.