chapter 2 vocabulary Flashcards
agricultural density
the ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture
arithmetic density
the total number of people divided by the total land area
census
a complete enumeration of a population
crude birth rate
total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society
crude death rate
the total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society
demographic transitin
the process of change in a society’s population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and higher total population
demography
the scientific study of population characteristics
dependency ratio
the number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force
doubling time
the number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase
ecumene
the portion of earth’s surface occupied by permanent human residence
epidemiologic transition
distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition
epidemiology
medical branch concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases
industrial revolution
a series of improvements in each stage of the demographic transition
infant mortality rate
total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year of age for every 1,000 live births in a society
life expectancy
average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social economic, and medical conditions.
medical revolution
medical technology invented in europe and north america that has diffused to the poorer countries in latin america, asia, and africa. improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives.
natural increase rate (NIR)
the percentage of growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus th crude death rate
overpopulation
the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living
pandemic
disease the occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population
physiological density
number of people per unit of area of arable land
population pyramid
bar graph the represents the distribution of population by age and sex
sex ratio
number of males per 100 females in a population
total fertility rate
average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years
zero population growth
a decline of the total fertility rate to the point where to natural increase rate equals zero
