chapter 2 vocabulary

Question 1

agricultural density

Answer 1

the ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture

Question 2

arithmetic density

Answer 2

the total number of people divided by the total land area

Question 3

census

Answer 3

a complete enumeration of a population

Question 4

crude birth rate

Answer 4

total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

Question 5

crude death rate

Answer 5

the total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society

Question 6

demographic transitin

Answer 6

the process of change in a society’s population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and higher total population

Question 7

demography

Answer 7

the scientific study of population characteristics

Question 8

dependency ratio

Answer 8

the number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force

Question 9

doubling time

Answer 9

the number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase

Question 10

ecumene

Answer 10

the portion of earth’s surface occupied by permanent human residence

Question 11

epidemiologic transition

Answer 11

distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition

Question 12

epidemiology

Answer 12

medical branch concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases

Question 13

industrial revolution

Answer 13

a series of improvements in each stage of the demographic transition

Question 14

infant mortality rate

Answer 14

total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year of age for every 1,000 live births in a society

Question 15

life expectancy

Answer 15

average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social economic, and medical conditions.

Question 16

medical revolution

Answer 16

medical technology invented in europe and north america that has diffused to the poorer countries in latin america, asia, and africa. improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives.

Question 17

natural increase rate (NIR)

Answer 17

the percentage of growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus th crude death rate

Question 18

overpopulation

Answer 18

the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living

Question 19

pandemic

Answer 19

disease the occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population

Question 20

physiological density

Answer 20

number of people per unit of area of arable land

Question 21

population pyramid

Answer 21

bar graph the represents the distribution of population by age and sex

Question 22

sex ratio

Answer 22

number of males per 100 females in a population

Question 23

total fertility rate

Answer 23

average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years

Question 24

zero population growth

Answer 24

a decline of the total fertility rate to the point where to natural increase rate equals zero