chapter 2 concepts Flashcards
describe regions where population is clustered.
2/3 of the world’s population live in four clusters: East Asia, South ASia, Europe, and Southeast Asia
where is the world’s population distributed?
global population is concentrated in a few places. humans tend to avoid parts of earth’s surface that they consider to be too wet, too dry, or too mountainous.
define 3 types of density used in population density.
arithmetic density is used to describe where people live in the world. physiological density compares population to resources. agricultural density measures economic efficiency of food production.
why is global population increasing?
virtually all of the world’s natural increase in concentrated in the developing countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America who aren’t as far in the demographic transition
understand how to measure population growth through the natural increase rate.
the natural increase rate is the percentage by which a population grows in a year
understand how to measure births and deaths through CBR and CDR.
the CBR is live births a year for every 1,000 people alive. The CDR is the number of deaths per 1,000 people.
understand how to read a population pyramid
a population pyramid displays the percentage of population by age and gender. a pyramid with a broad base means a country has a relatively high percentage of young children.
why does population growth vary among regions?
each country is in a different phase of the demographic transition, so they have varying population growths.
describe the 4 stages of the demographic transition
stage 1: high CBR & CDR and a low NIR
stage 2: declining CDR, higher NIR
stage 3: moderating NIR when the CBR declines slowly
stage 4: low CBR, CDR, and NIR
what are 2 approaches to reducing birth rates?
education/health care or diffusion of contraception
what is Malthus’ argument about the relationship between population and resources?
he believed that the population would grow faster than the resources. so far, that hasn’t come true.
summarize the possible stage 5 of the demographic transition
japan and some european countries may be in a possible stage 5 with a decrease in population, because the CDR exceeds the CBR.
why do regions face health threats?
the epidemiologic transition is a change in a society’s distinctive types of disease. health care is better in developed countries, but even they are threatened by infectious diseases diffused through modern means of transportation.
summarize the 4 stages of epidemiologic transition
stage 1: pestilence and famine
stage 2: pandemics
stages 3&4: degenerative diseases
summarize the reasons for stage 4 and possible stage 5 of the epidemiological transition.
evolution, poverty, and increased connections may influence the resurgence of infectious diseases.
