Chapter 2 Vocab

Question 1

Element

Answer 1

Simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties

Question 2

Trace elements

Answer 2

Group of 12 elements that make up smallest amount of body composition

Question 3

Minerals

Answer 3

Inorganic elements that are extracted from the soil by plants and are passed up the food chain to humans and other organisms

Question 4

Protons

Answer 4

+

Question 5

Neutrons

Answer 5

No charge

Question 6

Electron

Answer 6

-

Question 7

Valence electrons

Answer 7

Electrons of outermost shell that determine chemical bonding properties

Question 8

Isotopes

Answer 8

Differ from one another in # of neutrons

Question 9

Radioisotopes

Answer 9

Unstable isotopes

Question 10

Radioactivity

Answer 10

Process of decay

Question 11

Physical half-life

Answer 11

Time required for 50% of its atoms to decay to a more stable state

Question 12

Biological half-life

Answer 12

Time required for half of radioisotope to disappear from the body

Question 13

Anion

Answer 13

Particle that gains electrons and negative charge

Question 14

Cation

Answer 14

Particle loses electrons and has positive charge

Question 15

Electrolytes

Answer 15

Substances that ionize in water and form solutions capable of of conducting electricity

Question 16

Free radicals

Answer 16

Chemical particles with odd number of electrons

Question 17

Antioxidants

Answer 17

Chemical that neutralizes free radicals

Question 18

Compound

Answer 18

Molecule composed of 2+ elements

Question 19

Isomers

Answer 19

Molecules with identical molecular formulae but different arrangements of their atoms

Question 20

Molecular weight

Answer 20

Sum of atomic weights of compound’s atoms

Question 21

Chemical bond

Answer 21

Force that holds molecule together

Question 22

Ionic bond

Answer 22

Attraction of cation to anion

Question 23

Covalent bond

Answer 23

Sharing of electrons

Question 24

Hydrogen bond

Answer 24

Weak attraction between slightly positive hydrogen atom in one molecule and slightly negative oxygen or nitrogen atom in another

Question 25

Van der Waals forces

Answer 25

Weak, brief attractions between neutral atoms

Question 26

Biochemistry

Answer 26

Study of molecules that compose living organisms

Question 27

Hydrophilic

Answer 27

Substances that dissolve in water

Question 28

Hydrophobic

Answer 28

Substances that do not dissolve in water