Chapter 2: Themes on the Foundations of Morality

Question 1

The proper purpose of modern capitalism is to enable mass prosperity.

In a successful society, people flourish, combining prosperity with a sense of … and …

Answer 1

Belonging

Esteem

Question 2

Purposive actions such as work is important for…

Answer 2

Esteem

Question 3

Belonging depends on mutual ….

Answer 3

Regard

Question 4

Capitalist parrot the Marxist doctrine:

Answer 4

the ends justifies the means

Question 5

Capitalism that promotes greed, will, like Marxism, lead to despair, humiliation and despair- not prosperity.

This book attempts to prove that the means to are infused with …. ….

Answer 5

Moral purpose

Question 6

Social psychology has vindicated Adam Smith’s proposition that morality derives from ….., rather than …..
latter anchored on former

Values complement each other, generating norms such as Haidt’s world values - fairness and loyalty support norm of reciprocity.

Answer 6

Values

Reason

Question 7

Ideologies lay claim to ….. as justification, over human values.
Populism dismiss practical reasoning, making brazen leaps from …. to …..

Answer 7

reason

passion to policies

Question 8

Our values, intertwined with practical reasoning, combine the ….. and the …..

Answer 8

heart

head

Question 9

populism offer the headless …. , and ideology offers the heartless …

Answer 9

heart

head

Question 10

Pragmatic: Values evolve, ‘…, …. and …., is most likely to work?

Answer 10

What, here, and now

Question 11

Provide a flaw of a sensory organs

Answer 11

Pencil looks wonky in water, when in fact it is straight.

Question 12

Cogito ergo sum in English….

Answer 12

I think, therefore, I am.

Question 13

Cogito ergo sum is back to front - Rather than the world being the way it is because of the rational economic man (I, me and myself), we are the way we are because of the world (the rational social woman)
In other words:

Answer 13

We do not deduce (Arrive at) our world (We have created around us) from ourselves, we deduce (arrive at) ourselves from our world (we have created around us).

Question 14

Loyalty - norms developed to support the group, rewarded with ….

Fairness - Norms evolved to keep order in group, rewarded with ….

liberty - Evolutionary primitive

hierarchy - Norms evolved to keep order in group, rewarded with …

care - Evolutionary primitive

sanctity - norms developed to support the group, rewarded with ….
Page 42/43 elaboration

Answer 14

belonging
esteem

esteem
belonging

Question 15

All under threat, three types of groups that dominate our lives:

Answer 15

Family, firm and society

Question 16

Example of excess rights over obligation - Legal case scenario

Reveals triumph of … over … - weakens mutual regard

Answer 16

New right that schools may no longer use words mother and father.

ideology
pragmatism

Question 17

Capitalism leading to Rottweiler society meaning:

Answer 17

a person who is likely to attack others, physically or with words:

Question 18

Conservative philosophers revere the accumulated institutions of a society as encapsulating the wisdom of ….
But the institutions may have formalised …. that are highly dysfunctional.

Does not license the rule of …., motivated …. can lead to disaster

Answer 18

experience
norms

Reason
reasoning