Chapter 2: The Learning Process Flashcards
Define learning
Learning is a change of behavior, the way one thinks, understands and feels due to experience.
What is the Behaviorism Theory of learning.
To learn by response to stimuli.
Such as positive reinforcement.
What is the Cognitive Theory of Learning
Cognitive theory attempts to explain human behavior by understanding the thought processes
Thinking, Learning, Knowing, Perceiving, Problem solving, decision making, awareness, relationships
What was Deweys cognitive theory
Reflective thought, through critical thinking and problem solving.
Leads from the unclear to the clear.
What was Piagets cognitive theory
the theory of tension between old ideas and new situations.
To assimilate and accommodate results in learning, which is achieved through interaction with the world.
Whats was Bruners cognitive theory
To learn from the known to the unknown, from the concrete to the abstract.
Learning is best when we can relate new knowledge to existing knowledge.
To revisit basic concepts repeatedly.
List Blooms taxonomy of cognitive theory
Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation
Whats the information process cognitive theory
A theory that humans learn the same as a computer.
To Receive, store and retrieve information.
Mostly used for memory study.
What is the constructivism cognitive theory
Leaning is constructed through experience and is not a passive process.
Learning is a result of actively creating connections between old and new.
What does the construvism cognitive theory teach
Higher order thinking skills and
Aeronautical Decision making
What are the higher order thinking skills
A higher cognitive function of Analysis, Synthesis and Evaluation.
Result is in critical thinking and problem solving
How should you teach higher order thinking skills
With; Problem based leading Real world problems Authentic Problems Student centered problems Active participation Cooperative participation
What is Scenario Base Training
It is a scripted real word scenario.
Whats the student role in SBT
The student should learn how to make real word decisions. To analyse, plan and evaluate solutions.
What are the human senses that contribute to perceptions
Consist of the 5 senses; Sight 75% Hearing 13% Touch 6% Smell 3% Taste 3%
What is perception
Perception is the use of the 5 sense which are then given meaning.
Meaning is subject to personal experience.
What factors effect perception
Physical organism Goals & Values Self-Concept Time & opportunity Element of threat
How does the physical organism effect the perception process
By variations in how people see, hear, feel, smell & taste
Hows does goals & values effect the perception process
By how values what is being learnt. Things most valued are sought after at the expense of others.
How does self-concept effect the perception process
By how one feels about their self image in the learning process, confident or insecure.
Related to esteem.
How does the time-opportunity effect the perception process
By the timing of the learning process, with consideration of subsequent and dependent learning.
Length and frequency of the learning task
How does the element of threat effect the perception process
By feeling threatened, one would fixate or focus on the perceived threat, at the expense of everything else.
What is insight
Insight is the grouping of perceptions into meaning.
To gain a deep understanding of something.
To relate perceptions to events
How can insight be developed
By understanding the relationships of perceptions and external events
What are the three phases of knowledge
Memorisation
Understanding
Concept-learning
What is memorisation in acquiring knowledge
To memorise facts and the process of how to do something.
Not able to problem solve.
What is Understanding in acquiring knowledge
To organise facts and make decisions.
To make associations of facts.
To understand the meaning behind a fact or procedure
What is Concept-learning in aquiring knowledge
To group objects and concepts that share similar attributes.
To use groups and generalised concepts to learn somthing new
What is a schema
It’s a tendency to notice reoccurring events.
To form an outline or model of events.
What are Thorndikes 7 laws of learning
Readiness Effect Exercise Primacy Intensity Recency
Whats the Readiness law of learning
The law that sates those who are ready will learn.
To be ready is to posses pre-requisite knowledge.
Have a clear set of learning objectives, in a logical order.
Whats the Effect law of learning
The law that states the emotional effect of learning.
Things positively learnt are best remember as opposed to negative.
Whats the Exercise law of learning
The law that states learning is strengthened with practice and exercise.
