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HUMANITIES 101 > Chapter 2 - The Greek Legacy > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - The Greek Legacy Flashcards

1
Q

The maritime civilization that flourished on the island of Crete in the Aegean Sea during the Bronze Age—that is, between 2000 and 1400 B.C.E.—was referred to as ___.

A

Minoan

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2
Q

Which of the following are associated with the Mycenaean citadels on mainland Greece?

A

Symbols of royal power, Stone lions and “Cyclopean”

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3
Q

The Iliad is the story of the hero
____________
, who initially refused to go to war against the Trojans.

A

Achilles

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4
Q

Which of the following were gods and goddesses in the Greek pantheon?

A

Apollo, Athena, Poseidon, Zeus and Hera

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5
Q

Before they were menaced by Persian aggression, how did the Greek city-states relate to each other?

A

They were fiercely competitive

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6
Q

The two dominant Bronze Age civilizations of the Aegean Sea region were the Mycenaeans and the ______.

A

Minoans

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7
Q

How can the Mycenaean citadels on mainland Greece best be characterized?

A

As massive, fortified structures

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8
Q

What enrages Achilles and prompts his vengeance in the Trojan War?

A

The death of Patroclus

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9
Q

After the Greeks won the Persian War, the city-state of _________ became both politically and commercially dominant.

A

Athens

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10
Q

Which of the following were common characteristics of the Greek city-states?

A

Shared language, Common religion and Autonomous

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11
Q

In its early history, Athens was a(n) ___________, meaning that an elite minority controlled the government.

A

Oligarchy

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12
Q

Which characteristics describe Thucydides?

A

Writing style featured terse, graphic descriptions; Military general and Assessed the political and moral consequences of war

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13
Q

Which of the following were characteristics of the Olympic games?

A

Took place at midsummer;
Instituted to honor the gods;
Located in one of the great religious centers of Greece;
Occurred every four years
Even occurred during wartime

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14
Q

Which of the following are associated with Athens, after the end of the Persian Wars?

A

Commercial supremacy
The Greek Golden Age
Political dominance

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15
Q

The ancient Greeks were the first masters in the art of
___________the literary genre that tells a story through the imitation of action.

A

Drama

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16
Q

According to current theory regarding Greek drama, what was the source from which tragedy evolved?

A

Fertility rituals related to death and decay of crops

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17
Q

Which of the following were characteristics of the early Greek dramas?

A

Theaters built into hillsides
Performed in open-air theaters
Involved music, dance, and mime
Audiences of up 27,000 people

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18
Q

Our knowledge of the Peloponnesian Wars is largely based on the writings which Greek historian?

A

Thucydides

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19
Q

Who competed in the original Greek Olympic games?

A

All Greek city-states

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20
Q

The art of ancient Greek drama grew out of a complex of rituals associated with the worship of
_______Incorrect Unavailable, god of wine.

A

Dionysus

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21
Q

What were two principal forms of Greek drama popular during the Golden Age in Athens?

A

Comedy and Tragedy

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22
Q

In ancient Greek theaters, what is the circular “dancing space” in front of the stage called?

A

Orchestra

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23
Q

Who is recognized as the greatest lyric poet of Hellenic culture?

A

Sappho

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24
Q

Which of the following relate to the early Greek philosophers of the sixth century B.C.E.?

A

Engaged in careful observation
Introduced methods of intellectual inquiry
Engaged in the exercise of pure reason

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25
Q

What questions did the earliest Greek philosophers ask?

A

What is everything made of?
What substance lies behind the world of appearance?
How do things come to exist?

26
Q

Which facts are known about the Greek woman named Sappho?

A

She lived on the island of Lesbos.
She taught other women to write lyric poetry.
She was a lyric poet.
She was born into an aristocratic family.

27
Q

We refer to the Greeks of the sixth century B.C.E. who explored intellectual inquiry and reason as
_________ , Correct Unavailable, which literally means “lovers of wisdom.”

A

Philosophers

28
Q

What was one key question of the earliest Greek philosophers?

A

What is the basic substance of nature?

29
Q

The first Greek humanist philosophers were called the

A

SOPHISTS

30
Q

Which rigorous questioning technique did Socrates use to discuss matters of public and private virtue with Athenians?

A

Dialectical method

31
Q

In the dualistic model of Platonic idealism, the mind belongs to the world of the eternal Forms, whereas the
__________ belongs to the sensory world.

A

Body or soma

32
Q

Which of the following are associated with the Greek Sophists?

A

Aimed to define the limits of human knowledge
Masters of formal debate
Traveling scholar-teachers

33
Q

What is the term for the system of notation and reasoned thought Aristotle formulated for reaching a conclusion without reference to specific content?

A

A Syllogism

34
Q

What two elements lie behind the dualism of Platonic idealism?

A

Spirit and matter

35
Q

Using logic, Aristotle concluded that a constitutional government, ruled by the middle class, should be the ideal.

A

True

36
Q

What was the basis for the principle of symmetry, as used in the Greek canon?

A

Human body

37
Q

What word summarizes the artistic aesthetics of the Classical period?

A

Idealist

38
Q

Archaic Greeks painter and sculptors sought to move from abstraction to what quality?

A

Realism

39
Q

Which reasons made Aristotle question the viability of democracy?

A

Power lay in the hands of the poor masses.
Demagogues could achieve extreme influence, passing poor laws.
Governments should function in the interest of the state, not any one individual or group.

40
Q

The natural, graceful pose depicted in Classical Greek sculpture was later called ___ by Italian Renaissance artists.

A

Contrapposto

41
Q

The Greek canon established by artists and architects used the principle known as
_______ meaning the correspondence of opposite parts in size, shape, or position.

A

Symmetry

42
Q

What were Greek theaters designed to celebrate?

A

Life here on earth

43
Q

What is the Parthenon?

A

A Greek temple dedicated to Athena

44
Q

Which of the following relate to the Classical concept of “ideal form,” as suggested by Socrates?

A

Free of incidental details

Based in canon of proportion

Lifelike in appearance

45
Q

Which materials were used in the construction of the Parthenon?

A

Bronze clamps, Marble and Dowels

46
Q

Archaic Greek painters and sculptors strove for a balance between real and __

A

Ideal

47
Q

Which of the three programs of architectural design, or orders, was most ornate?

A

Corinthian

48
Q

What characteristics were prized in depicting human form in sculpture of the Classical period?

A

Greater weight distribution on one leg
Solemn facial expression
Rotation of torso

49
Q

Which of the following applies to Greek theaters as well as Greek temples?

A

Functioned as public meeting places

50
Q

The outstanding architectural achievement of Golden Age Athens is the

A

Parthenon

51
Q

In building the Parthenon, how did the architects use engineering to counter various negative optical effects?

A

The Doric columns swell slightly near the center.
Corner columns are slightly thicker.

52
Q

Which are the three orders of architectural design developed by the Greeks?

A

Ionic, Doric and Corinthian

53
Q

The Greek word
_________describes any of the nine mythological daughters of Zeus and the goddess of memory.

A

Muse

54
Q

Which facts do we know about Greek music?

A

Both vocal and instrumental music were common.
Musicians competed with each other as part of public life.
It played a major role in Greek life.

55
Q

Which were features or subjects of Parthenon sculptures?

A

Brightly painted figures;
Combat between the Greeks and the Giants;
Contest between Poseidon and Athena;
Amazons and Centaurs;
The birth of Athena;

56
Q

What is the term for the Greek musical system of scales characterized by particular patterns of pitch and tempo?

A

Modes

57
Q

According to Greek mythology, the __________
presided over the arts and sciences.

A

Muses

58
Q

To the east, the empire of Alexander the Great reached all the way to the borders of modern-day

A

India

59
Q

What are the three principal musical instruments of ancient Greece, as revealed from vase paintings?

A

Kithara, Lyre and Aulos

60
Q

What quality was prominent in the sculptural portraits of the Hellenistic Age?

A

Sensuousness

HUMANITIES 101 (6 decks)

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