Chapter 1 - First civilization Flashcards
Tools discovered that date to the Paleolithic period revolve around what activity?
Hunting
The emergence of Neolithic culture occurred when people began what activity?
Farming
To Neolithic farmers, which of the following was associated with the cycle of the seasons
Death, Regeneration and Birth
The birth of civilization marked the shift from rural to ______ culture.
Urban
The use of pictographs as a form of writing dates as far back as ______ B.C.E.
3100 B.C.E.
What is considered the landmark event of Paleolithic culture?
Making tools and weapons
The technology for producing ___, a strong metal alloy of copper and tin, was an important development in the birth of civilization.
Bronze
The production of food through ______ freed people from the nomadic way of life associated with hunting and gathering.
farming
Some Neolithic peoples marked their graves with megaliths, or large ______.
stone slabs
Which of the following were associated with the shift from rural to urban culture in the earliest civilizations?
Trade involving surplus food and goods, Advances in technology and Growing Populations
Which offers visual evidence of the social order in ancient Mesopotamia?
The Standard of Ur
Which of the following was a form of writing that consisted of wedge shapes inscribed on clay tablets?
Cuneiform
What Bronze Age technology afforded individuals greater control over nature?
Metallurgy
Reflecting the Blank______ of the region, the Mesopotamian deities were fierce and capricious.
climate
The emergence of Neolithic culture occurred when people began what activity?
Farming
What encouraged the development of social classes in ancient Mesopotamia?
Specialization of labor
What encouraged the development of social classes in ancient Mesopotamia?
The Babylonian Creation
The massive terraced tower called a ziggurat was designed to look like a ______ that would bring the people of Sumer and Babylonia closer to heaven.
mountain
Which central motifs are featured in the Epic of Gilgamesh?
Human vulnerability and Immortality
What is the Code of Hammurabi?
The consolidated body of law from all parts of the Babylonian Empire
The _____, a massive terraced tower made of rubble and brick, was the spiritual center of the Mesopotamian city-state.
ziggurat
What is an epic?
A narrative poem about a hero’s quest
The combination of war chariots and which type of weapons gave Hittites military superiority in Mesopotamia during the second millennium B.C.E.?
iron
Which of the following are associated with the introduction of iron technology in the ancient world?
Larger, more efficient armies; Larger, more efficient armies and Cheaper and stronger weapons
Since it is a very comprehensive collection of laws, the Code of Blank______ offers enormous insight into life in ancient Mesopotamia.
Hammurabi
Which of the following describes the cosmological origins of early Mesopotamia?
The Babylonian Creation
Which of the following is a reason the Persian Empire is referred to as the first multicultural civilization of the ancient world?
Its extensive linguistic and ethnic diversity
In the most fundamental sense, the Iron Age represented a key change in ______ for Mesopotamia.
technology
Which geographical feature is most prominent in the emergence of ancient Egyptian civilization?
The Nile River
Due to the cheapness and superiority of iron weapons, armies were able to expand and control territories outside of their own natural boundaries, a practice known as ______.
imperialism
Which elements formed the basis of the ancient Egyptian cosmology?
The Nile, The flat topography and The Sun
The ancient Egyptian political system, in which political power is linked with spiritual power, is called
Theocracy
Who was Nefertiti in relation to Akhenaten, the pharaoh?
His chief wife
Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of the Persian empire?
A polytheistic religion
Which of the following can be said of the land in ancient Egyptian beliefs?
It was owned by the gods, It was considered sacred and It was considered sacred.
Which God held the place of honor in ancient Egypt?
The Sun God
In ancient Egypt, what was seen as the monarch’s source of political power?
His spiritual power
The man in this fresco shown is portrayed as much larger than his daughter (who is between his legs) and his wife (to his right) because of ancient Egyptian conventions related to what element?
Hierarchy
In the temples of the New Kingdom, what did pylons symbolize?
The mountains at the edge of the world
Which label describes the divinely sanctioned way of life in ancient Egypt?
Theocratic socialism
In ancient Egypt, what was the job of the scribe?
To keep written records
What was the ancient Nok culture of western Sudan known for?
Its monumental architecture
What was a primary purpose of ancient Egyptian art?
To honor the dead
According to recent archeological excavations, the Americas had civilizations as old or older than the Egyptian pyramids.
True
Reason: Correct. New research indicates sites in Peru dating to 3500–2600 B.C.E.
Which activities took place in the Egyptian temples of the New Kingdom?
Rituals performed by priests, Rituals that celebrated regeneration and Rituals that celebrated the solar cycle
What is India’s classical language, used to write epics such the Mahabharata and the Ramayana?
Sanskrit
Why are the terracotta Nok heads of western Sudan considered significant?
They are the earliest known three-dimensional artworks of sub-Saharan Africa.
They are the earliest known three-dimensional artworks of sub-Saharan Africa.
The mountains at the edge of the world
India’s oldest devotional texts, which contain stories of Indian mythology and sacred hymns, are known as the
Vedas
Which are the fundamental aspects of Hindu belief?
An all-pervasive Spirit and Multiple deities
What are the characteristics of the Dao?
Harmony with nature, The unifying force underlying nature’s multiplicity and The wellspring of yin and yang
Hinduism is best described as ______, the belief that divinity is present in all things.
pantheistic
Attributed to Lao Zi, the ______ is the most popular Daoist text and has influence nearly every aspect of Chinese culture.
Dao de jing
