CHAPTER 2 - The Environment in which Projects Operate Flashcards
Projects exist and operate in environments that may have an influence on them. These influences can have a favorable or unfavorable impact on the project. Two major categories of influences are ??? and ???
Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEFs) and Organizational Process Assets (OPAs).
??? originate from the environment outside of the project and often outside of the enterprise and may have an impact at the organizational, portfolio, program, or project level.
[EEFs - Enterprise Environmental Factors]
Impacted by [Internal] and [External] Factors
??? are INTERNAL to the organization. These may arise from the organization itself, a portfolio, a program, another project, or a combination of these.
[OPAs - Organizational Process Assets]
Impacted by [Processes, Policies & Procedures] and [Corporate Knowledge Base]
In addition to EEFs and OPAs, organizational ? play a significant role in the life cycle of the project. (S) factors impact the power, influence, interests, competencies, and political capabilities of the people to act within the organizational system.
systems
??? refer to conditions, not under the control of the project team, that influence, constrain, or direct the project. These conditions can be internal and/or external to the organization.
Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEFs)
EEFs are considered as inputs to many project management processes, specifically for most ? processes.
planning
EEF factors may ? or ? project management options. In addition, these factors may have a positive or negative influence on the outcome.
enhance or constrain
Examples of ? EEFs include:
- Organizational culture, structure, and governance.
- Geographic distribution of facilities and resources.
- Infrastructure.
- Information technology software.
- Resource availability.
- Employee capability.
Internal
Vision, mission, values, beliefs, cultural norms, leadership style, hierarchy and authority relationships, organizational style, ethics, and code of conduct are examples of which internal EEF?
Organizational culture, structure, and governance.
Factory locations, virtual teams, shared systems, and cloud computing are examples of which internal EEF?
Geographic distribution of facilities and resources.
Existing facilities, equipment, organizational telecommunications channels, information technology hardware, availability, and capacity are examples of which internal EEF?
Infrastructure.
Scheduling software tools, configuration management systems, web interfaces to other online automated systems, and work authorization systems are examples of which internal EEF?
Information technology software.
Contracting and purchasing constraints, approved providers and subcontractors, and collaboration agreements are examples of which internal EEF?
Resource availability.
Existing human resources expertise, skills, competencies, and specialized knowledge are examples of which internal EEF?
Employee capability.
Examples of ? EEFs include:
- Marketplace conditions.
- Social and cultural influences and issues.
- Legal restrictions.
- Commercial databases.
- Academic research.
- Government or industry standards.
- Financial considerations.
- Physical environmental elements.
External
Competitors, market share brand recognition, and trademarks are examples of which External EEF?
Marketplace conditions.
Political climate, codes of conduct, ethics, and perceptions are examples of which External EEF?
Social and cultural influences and issues.
Country or local laws and regulations related to security, data protection, business conduct, employment, and procurement are examples of which External EEF?
Legal restrictions.
Benchmarking results, standardized cost estimating data, industry risk study information, and risk databases are examples of which External EEF?
Commercial databases.
Industry studies, publications, and benchmarking results are examples of which External EEF?
Academic research.
Regulatory agency regulations and standards related to products, production, environment, quality, and workmanship are examples of which External EEF?
Government or industry standards.
Currency exchange rates, interest rates, inflation rates, tariffs, and geographic location are examples of which External EEF?
Financial considerations.
Working conditions, weather, and constraints are examples of which External EEF?
Physical environmental elements.
??? are the plans, processes, policies, procedures, and knowledge bases specific to and used by the performing organization. These assets influence the management of the project.
Organizational process assets (OPAs)
OPAs include any artifact, practice, or knowledge from any or all of the performing organizations involved in the project that can be used to ? or ? the project.
execute or govern
The OPAs also include the organization’s ? ? from previous projects and historical information as well as completed schedules, risk data, and earned value data.
lessons learned
OPAs are ? to many project management processes
inputs
Since OPAs are internal to the organization, the ? ? ? may be able to update and add to the organizational process assets as necessary throughout the project.
project team members
OPAs may be grouped into two categories:
?; and
- Organizational knowledge bases.
- Processes, policies, and procedures