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Biology > Chapter 2- The Chemistry of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 2- The Chemistry of Life Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is an atom?

A

The basic unit of matter.

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2
Q

What is a neutron?

A

Subatomic particle with no electric charge and a mass slightly larger than a proton’s.

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3
Q

What is a electron?

A

Negatively charged particle; located in the space surrounding the nucleus.

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4
Q

What is an element?

A

Pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom.

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5
Q

Isotope

A

A single element which contains the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

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6
Q

Compound

A

Substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements

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7
Q

Ion

A

Atom that has a positive or negative charge

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8
Q

Ionic bond

A

Chemicals bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from from one atom to another.

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9
Q

Covalent bond

A

Type of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared.

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10
Q

Molecule

A

Smallest unit of most compounds that displays all the properties of that compound.

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11
Q

Van der Waals force

A

Slight attraction that develops between oppostively charged regions of nearby molecules.

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12
Q

Cohesion

A

Attraction between molecules of the same substance.

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13
Q

What is a proton?

A

A subatomic particle with a positive electric charge and a mass slightly less than that of a neutron’s.

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14
Q

What is a polar covalent bond?

A

A bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have different electronegatives and have unequal sharing of the bonding electron pair.

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15
Q

What is a nonpolar covalent bond?

A

A bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have the same electronegativity and have equal sharing of the bonding electron pair.

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16
Q

Solution

A

Type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed.

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17
Q

What is adhesion?

A

Force of attraction between different kinds of molecules.

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18
Q

Capillary Action

A

Tendency of water to rise in a thin tube.

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19
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are mixed together but not chemically combined.

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20
Q

What is a solute?

A

Substance that is dissolved in a solution.

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21
Q

What is a solvent?

A

Dissolving substance in a solution.

22
Q

What is a Suspension?

A

Mixture of water and no dissolved material.

23
Q

pH scale

A

Scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution; a pH of 0 to 7 is acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral, and a pH of 7 to 14 is basic.

24
Q

What is an acid?

A

Compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; a solution with pH of less than 7

25
Q

Basic

A

A pH of 7 to 14.

26
Q

Buffer

A

Compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH.

27
Q

What is a polymer?

A

Molecule composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules

28
Q

What is a monomer?

A

Small chemical unit that makes up a polymer.

29
Q

What is a carbohydrate?

A

Compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body.

30
Q

Monosaccharide

A

Simple sugar molecule

31
Q

Polysaccharide

A

A carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together.

32
Q

What is a lipid?

A

Macromolecule made mostly from carbon hydrogen atoms including fats, oils, and waxes

33
Q

Saturated

A

Holding as much water or moisture as can be absorbed, thoroughly soaked.

34
Q

Unsaturated

A

Having the power to still dissolve more of a substance.

35
Q

Nucleic acids

A

Macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus.

36
Q

Nucleotides

A

5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

37
Q

DNA

A

Carries the genetic instructions used in the reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.

38
Q

RNA

A

Single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose.

39
Q

Protein

A

Macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair.

40
Q

Amino acid

A

Compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end.

41
Q

Chemical reaction

A

Process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals.

42
Q

Reactant

A

Element or compound that enter into a chemical reaction.

43
Q

Product

A

Element or compound produced by a chemical reaction.

44
Q

What is Activation energy?

A

Energy that is needed to get a reaction started.

45
Q

Endothermic

A

Accompanied by or requiring the absorption of heat.

46
Q

Exothermic

A

Accompanied by the release of heat.

47
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

Protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions.

48
Q

Catalyst

A

Substance that speeds up the rate of chemical reaction.

49
Q

Substrate

A

Reactant of an enzyme-catalyze reaction.

50
Q

What is an active site?

A

A region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction.

Biology (5 decks)

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