Chapter 2- The Chemistry of Life

Question 1

What is an atom?

Answer 1

The basic unit of matter.

Question 2

What is a neutron?

Answer 2

Subatomic particle with no electric charge and a mass slightly larger than a proton’s.

Question 3

What is a electron?

Answer 3

Negatively charged particle; located in the space surrounding the nucleus.

Question 4

What is an element?

Answer 4

Pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom.

Question 5

Isotope

Answer 5

A single element which contains the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 6

Compound

Answer 6

Substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements

Question 7

Ion

Answer 7

Atom that has a positive or negative charge

Question 8

Ionic bond

Answer 8

Chemicals bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from from one atom to another.

Question 9

Covalent bond

Answer 9

Type of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared.

Question 10

Molecule

Answer 10

Smallest unit of most compounds that displays all the properties of that compound.

Question 11

Van der Waals force

Answer 11

Slight attraction that develops between oppostively charged regions of nearby molecules.

Question 12

Cohesion

Answer 12

Attraction between molecules of the same substance.

Question 13

What is a proton?

Answer 13

A subatomic particle with a positive electric charge and a mass slightly less than that of a neutron’s.

Question 14

What is a polar covalent bond?

Answer 14

A bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have different electronegatives and have unequal sharing of the bonding electron pair.

Question 15

What is a nonpolar covalent bond?

Answer 15

A bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have the same electronegativity and have equal sharing of the bonding electron pair.

Question 16

Solution

Answer 16

Type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed.

Question 17

What is adhesion?

Answer 17

Force of attraction between different kinds of molecules.

Question 18

Capillary Action

Answer 18

Tendency of water to rise in a thin tube.

Question 19

What is a mixture?

Answer 19

Material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are mixed together but not chemically combined.

Question 20

What is a solute?

Answer 20

Substance that is dissolved in a solution.

Question 21

What is a solvent?

Answer 21

Dissolving substance in a solution.

Question 22

What is a Suspension?

Answer 22

Mixture of water and no dissolved material.

Question 23

pH scale

Answer 23

Scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution; a pH of 0 to 7 is acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral, and a pH of 7 to 14 is basic.

Question 24

What is an acid?

Answer 24

Compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; a solution with pH of less than 7

Question 25

Basic

Answer 25

A pH of 7 to 14.

Question 26

Buffer

Answer 26

Compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH.

Question 27

What is a polymer?

Answer 27

Molecule composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules

Question 28

What is a monomer?

Answer 28

Small chemical unit that makes up a polymer.

Question 29

What is a carbohydrate?

Answer 29

Compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body.

Question 30

Monosaccharide

Answer 30

Simple sugar molecule

Question 31

Polysaccharide

Answer 31

A carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together.

Question 32

What is a lipid?

Answer 32

Macromolecule made mostly from carbon hydrogen atoms including fats, oils, and waxes

Question 33

Saturated

Answer 33

Holding as much water or moisture as can be absorbed, thoroughly soaked.

Question 34

Unsaturated

Answer 34

Having the power to still dissolve more of a substance.

Question 35

Nucleic acids

Answer 35

Macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus.

Question 36

Nucleotides

Answer 36

5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 37

DNA

Answer 37

Carries the genetic instructions used in the reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.

Question 38

RNA

Answer 38

Single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose.

Question 39

Protein

Answer 39

Macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair.

Question 40

Amino acid

Answer 40

Compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end.

Question 41

Chemical reaction

Answer 41

Process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals.

Question 42

Reactant

Answer 42

Element or compound that enter into a chemical reaction.

Question 43

Product

Answer 43

Element or compound produced by a chemical reaction.

Question 44

What is Activation energy?

Answer 44

Energy that is needed to get a reaction started.

Question 45

Endothermic

Answer 45

Accompanied by or requiring the absorption of heat.

Question 46

Exothermic

Answer 46

Accompanied by the release of heat.

Question 47

What is an enzyme?

Answer 47

Protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions.

Question 48

Catalyst

Answer 48

Substance that speeds up the rate of chemical reaction.

Question 49

Substrate

Answer 49

Reactant of an enzyme-catalyze reaction.

Question 50

What is an active site?

Answer 50

A region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction.