Chapter 2 - The Cell Flashcards
What 2 categories do cells fall into?
- Sex cells (germ, reproductive)
- Somatic cells
Define sex cell
Sperm in males, oocyte (egg) in females
Define somatic cell
All other cells in the body that are not sex cells
What does the cytoplasm of the cell contain?
Cytosol and organelles
What is the plasmalemma (plasma membrane) of the cell made of?
Lipid bilayer containing phospholipids, steroids, proteins, and carbohydrates
Define the function of the plasmalemma.
Isolation, protection, sensitivity, support, control of entrance/exit materials
What is the composition of the cytosol?
Fluid component of cytoplasm, may contain inclusions of insoluble materials
Define the function of the cytosol
Distributed materials by diffusion; stores glycogen, pigments, and other materials
Name the 3 passive process in which chemicals are exchanged through the plasmalemma.
1) diffusion
2) osmosis
3) facilitated diffusion
What is a passive process?
A type of membrane permeability or chemical exchange of the cell that does not require energy (ATP)
Define “diffusion”
The net movement of chemicals or atoms from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
Define osmosis
The net movement of solvent molecules (think water) from a higher concentration to a lower concentration
Define facilitated diffusion
The transport of substances from a higher concentration traction to a lower concentration traction, but with the help of a transport molecule
What is Active Transport?
The exchange of chemicals through a biological membrane that requires the usage of ATP (energy)
Name the 3 types of active transport
1) active transport (ion pumps)
2) endocytosis
3) exocytosis
