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Human Anatomy > Chapter 1 - Intro > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Define Microscopic Anatomy

A

Structures that cannot be seen without magnification

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2
Q

What is Cytology?

A

The study of cells

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3
Q

What is Histology?

A

The study of tissues

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4
Q

What is gross anatomy?

A

The study of structures visible to the naked eye

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5
Q

What elements make up 99% of the human body?

A

Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen

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6
Q

What are the levels of organization of biological matter in a human, in ascending order?

A

Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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7
Q

Define Responsiveness (irritability)

A

A change in activity based upon a stimulus (think: a chest rub)

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8
Q

Define adaptability

A

Long-term responsiveness

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9
Q

Define growth

A

The increase in size of an organism

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10
Q

Define differentiation

A

(Of an organ system or organism) to become specialized to preform particular functions

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11
Q

What are the two forms of metabolism and what do they do?

A

Anabolism: the bonding of chemicals together
Catabolism: the breaking of chemical bonds

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12
Q

What does Absorption mean in a biological sense?

A

The process of bringing chemicals in the body

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13
Q

Define the process of Respiration

A

The absorption, transport, and use of oxygen by cells

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14
Q

What type of metabolism does Digestion use?

A

Catabolism: breaking food down to make nutrients small enough to be absorbed

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the integumentary system?

A

Skin - protection from environmental hazards, temperature control

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the skeletal system?

A

Support and protection of soft tissues, mineral storage, blood formation

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17
Q

What is the purpose of the muscular system?

A

Locomotion, support, heat production (shivering)

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18
Q

What is the purpose of the nervous system?

A

Directing immediate responses to stimuli, usually by coordinating the activities of other organ systems (think of the immediate reaction of pulling your hand off of a hot stove)

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19
Q

What is the purpose of the endocrine system?

A

Directing the long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems (production of hormones)

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20
Q

What is the purpose of the cardiovascular system?

A

Internal transport of cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes, and gases

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21
Q

What is the purpose of the lymphoid system?

A

Defense against infection and disease

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22
Q

What is the purpose of the respiratory system?

A

Delivery of air to sites where gas exchange can occur between the air and circulating blood

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23
Q

What is the purpose of the digestive system?

A

Processing of food and absorption of organic nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and water; excretion of solid wastes

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24
Q

What is the purpose of the urinary system?

A

Elimination of excess water, salts, and waste products; control of pH

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25
Q

What is the purpose of the reproductive system?

A

Production of sex cells and hormones

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26
Q

Anatomical name for head

A

Cephalon (cephalic)

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27
Q

Anatomical name for the neck

A

Cervicus (cervical)

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28
Q

Anatomical name for the arm

A

Brachium

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29
Q

Anatomical name for the forearm

A

Antebrachium (antebrachial)

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30
Q

Anatomical name for the wrist

A

Carpus (carpal)

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31
Q

Anatomical name for the hand

A

Manus (manual)

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32
Q

Anatomical name for the thumb

A

Pollex

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33
Q

Anatomical name for the fingers or toes

A

Digits or phalanges (digital, phalangeal)

34
Q

Anatomical name for the abdomen

A

Abdomen (abdominal)

35
Q

Anatomical name for the pelvis (in general)

A

Pelvis (pelvic)

36
Q

Anatomical name for the anterior pelvis

A

Pubis (pubic)

37
Q

Anatomical name for the groin (crease between thigh and trunk)

A

Inguen (inguinal)

38
Q

Anatomical name for the lower back

A

Lumbus (lumbar)

39
Q

Anatomical name for the buttock

A

Gluteus (gluteal)

40
Q

Anatomical name for the thigh

A

Femur (femoral)

41
Q

Anatomical name for the kneecap

A

Patella (patellar)

42
Q

Anatomical name for the leg (knee to ankle)

A

Crus (crural)

43
Q

Anatomical name for the calf

A

Sura (sural)

44
Q

Anatomical name for the ankle

A

Tarsus (tarsal)

45
Q

Anatomical name for the foot

A

Pes (pedal)

46
Q

Anatomical name for the plantar region of the foot

A

Planta (sole)

47
Q

Anatomical name for the big toe

A

Hallux

48
Q

Anatomical name for the skull

A

Cranium (cranial)

49
Q

Anatomical name for the face

A

Facies (facial)

50
Q

Anatomical name for the forehead

A

Frons (frontal)

51
Q

Anatomical name for the eye

A

Oculus (orbital or ocular)

52
Q

Anatomical name of the ear

A

Auris (otic)

53
Q

Anatomical name for the nose

A

Nasus (nasal)

54
Q

Anatomical name for the chin

A

Mentis (mental)

55
Q

Anatomical name for the chest

A

Thoracis, thorax (thoracic)

56
Q

Anatomical name for the cheek

A

Bucca (buccal)

57
Q

Anatomical name for the armpit

A

Axilla (axillary)

58
Q

Anatomical name for the breast

A

Mamma (mammary)

59
Q

Anatomical name for the front of elbow

A

Antecubitus (antecubital fossa)

60
Q

Anatomical name of the navel (bellybutton)

A

Umbilicus (umbilical)

61
Q

Anatomical name of the shoulder

A

Shoulder (acromial)

62
Q

Anatomical name of the mid back

A

Dorsum (dorsal)

63
Q

Anatomical name for the back of the elbow

A

Olecranon (olecranal)

64
Q

Anatomical name for the back of the knee

A

Popliteus (popliteal, popliteal fossa)

65
Q

Anatomical name for the heel of the foot

A

Calcaneus (calcaneal)

66
Q

Anatomical name for the shoulder blade

A

Scapula

67
Q

A transverse sectional divides the body into _______

A

Superior and inferior portions, perpendicular to the long axis

68
Q

A sagittal cross sectional divides the body into _________

A

Left and right portions, parallel to the long axis

69
Q

A frontal cross sectional divides the body into _______

A

Anterior and posterior portions, parallel to the long axis

70
Q

Organs of the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems are all house in what body cavity?

A

Ventral body cavity

71
Q

What two-layer membrane system lubricates and protects the ventral body cavity?

A

Serous membranes

72
Q

What skeletal muscle separates the ventral body cavity?

A

Diaphragm

73
Q

The diaphragm separates the ventral body cavity into the ________ and ________ cavities

A

Thoracic, abdominopelvic

74
Q

What cavity surrounds the right lung and what larger cavity is it part of?

A

Right pleural cavity, part of thoracic cavity

75
Q

What organs does the mediastinum contain and what cavity is it part of?

A

Trachea, esophagus, and major blood vessels; part of thoracic cavity

76
Q

What cavity is part of the mediastinum and what does it contain?

A

Pericardial cavity, surrounds heart

77
Q

Name the parts and locations of the pericardial cavity as a whole

A

Visceral pericardium (closest border to the heart itself)
Parietal pericardium (farthest border away from the heart)
Pericardial cavity (the air space in between the two

(HINT: think of a fist being pushed into the side of an inflated balloon)

78
Q

What cavity surrounds the left lung and what larger cavity is it part of?

A

Left pleural cavity, part of the thoracic cavity

79
Q

What cavity contains many digestive glands and organs?

A

Abdominal cavity

80
Q

What organs does the pelvic cavity surround?

A

Urinary bladder, reproductive organs, last portion of digestive tract

Human Anatomy (11 decks)

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