Chapter 2: The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

The part of the brain, containing some of the most evolutionarily primitive structures, that is responsible for transmitting information from the spinal cord to the brain, regulating life support functions, and helping to maintain balance

A

hindbrain

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2
Q

A structure in the hindbrain that transmits information from the spinal cord to the brain and regulates life support functions such as respiration, blood pressure, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, and heart rate

A

medulla

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3
Q

A structure in the hindbrain that acts as a neural relay center, facilitating the crossover of information between the left side of the body and the right side of the brain, and vice versa. It is also involved in balance and in the processing of both visual and auditory information

A

pons

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4
Q

Part of the brain that controls balance and muscular coordination

A

cerebellum

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5
Q

The part of the brain containing structures that are involved in relaying information between other brain regions and in regulating levels of alertness

A

midbrain

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6
Q

The part of the brain containing the thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebral cortex

A

forebrain

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7
Q

A structure in the forebrain involved in relaying information, especially to the cerebral cortex

A

thalamus

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8
Q

A structure in the forebrain that controls the pituitary gland and homeostatic behavior such as eating, drinking, temperature control, sleeping, sexual behaviors and emotional reactions

A

hypothalamus

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9
Q

A structure of the brain in the medial temporal lobe involved in the formation of long-term memories

A

hippocampus

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10
Q

A structure of the brain involved in emotional learning and modulating the strength of emotional memories

A

amygdala

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11
Q

The surface of the cerebrum, the largest structure of the brain, which contains both sensory and motor nerve cell bodies

A

cerebral cortex

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12
Q

A division of the cerebral cortex located just beneath the forehead that contains the motor cortex, premotor cortex, and the prefrontal cortex

A

frontal lobe

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13
Q

A division of the cerebral cortex located at the top rear part of the head that contains the primary somatosensory cortex

A

parietal lobe

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14
Q

A division of the cerebral cortex located at the back of the head that is involved in the processing of visual information

A

occipital lobe

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15
Q

A division of the cerebral cortex located on the side of the head that is involved with the processing of auditory information and in some aspects of memory

A

temporal lobe

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16
Q

Cortex that directs fine motor movement

A

motor cortex

17
Q

Cortex that is involved in the planning of motor movements

A

premotor cortex

18
Q

Cortex involved in executive functioning: planning, making decisions, implementing strategies, inhibiting inappropriate behaviors, and using working memory to process information

A

prefrontal cortex

19
Q

A theory that different mental abilities, such as reading or computation, were independent and autonomous functions carried out in different parts of the brain

A

faculty psychology

20
Q

Idea that psychological strengths and weaknesses could be precisely correlated to the relative sizes of different brain areas

A

phrenology

21
Q

Region of the parietal lobe involved in the processing of sensory information from the body (ex. sensations of pain, pressure, touch, temperature)

A

primary somatosensory cortex

22
Q

The ability of some brain regions to perform the functions of other damaged regions

A

plasticity

23
Q

Specialization of function of the two cerebral hemispheres

A

lateralization

24
Q

Large neural structure that connects the two brain hemispheres

A

corpus callosum

25
Q

An imaging technique in which a highly focused beam of X-rays is passed through the body from many different angles. Differing density of the organs of the body result in different deflections of the X-rays, which allows visualization of the organ

A

CAT scan

26
Q

A body-imaging technique in which a person is surrounded with a strong magnetic field. Radio waves are directed at a particular part of the body, causing the centers of hydrogen atoms in those structures to align themselves in predictable ways. Computers collate information about how the atoms are aligning and produce a composite three-dimensional image

A

MRI

27
Q

A brain-imaging technique that shows which areas of the brain are most active at a given point in time.

A

PET scan

28
Q

An imaging technique that uses MRI equipment to examine blood flow in a noninvasive, nonradioactive manner

A

fMRI

29
Q

Brain-recording technique used to detect different states of consciousness

A

EEG

30
Q

Brain-recording technique used to measure changes in magnetic fields generated by electrical activities of neurons

A

MEG

31
Q

An electrical recording technique used to measure the response of the brain to various stimulus events

A

event-related potential (ERP)