Chapter 2: The Biological Perspective

Question 1

Transmits information to and from the CNS

Answer 1

Peripheral nervous system

Question 2

Automatically regulates internal glands, and blood vessels, pupil dilation, digestion, and blood pressure. Branches from the PNS

Answer 2

Autonomic nervous system

Question 3

Carries sensory information and controls movement of the skeletal muscles. Branches from PNS

Answer 3

Somatic nervous system

Question 4

Maintains body functions under ordinary conditions. Saves energy. Branches from ANS

Answer 4

Parasympathetic division

Question 5

Prepares the body to react and expand energy in times of stress. Branches from ANS

Answer 5

Sympathetic division

Question 6

Branchlike structures that receive messages from other neurons.

Answer 6

Dendrites

Question 7

Basic cell that makes up the nervous system

Answer 7

Neuron

Question 8

The cell body of the neuron responsible for maintaining the life of the cell

Answer 8

Soma

Question 9

Tubelike structure that carries the neural message to other cells

Answer 9

Axon

Question 10

Fatty substance that coats the axons of the neurons to insulate and protect

Answer 10

Myelin sheath

Question 11

Controls the brain and the spinal cord

Answer 11

Central nervous system

Question 12

Process of molecules moving from areas of high concentration to low concentration

Answer 12

Diffusion

Question 13

The state of the neuron when not firing a neural Impulse

Answer 13

Resting potential

Question 14

The release of the neural impulse consisting of a reversal of the electric charge within the axon

Answer 14

Action potential

Question 15

Rounded areas on the end of the axon terminals

Answer 15

Synaptic knob

Question 16

Sac like structures found inside the synaptic knob containing chemicals

Answer 16

Synaptic vesicles

Question 17

Chemical found in the synaptic vesicles that when released has an effect on the next cell

Answer 17

Neurotransmitter

Question 18

Microscopic fluid filled space between the synaptic knob of one cell and the dendrites or surface of the next cell

Answer 18

Synapse

Question 19

Three dimensional proteins on the surface of the dendrites that are shaped only to fit certain neurotransmitters

Answer 19

Receptor sites

Question 20

Synapse at which a neurotransmitter causes the receiving cell to fire

Answer 20

Excitatory synapse

Question 21

Synapse at which a neurotransmitter cause the receiving cell to stop fire

Answer 21

Inhibitory synapse

Question 22

Chemical substances that block or reduce a cells response to the action of other chemicals of neurotransmitters

Answer 22

Antagonists

Question 23

Chemical substances that mimic or enhance the effects of a neurotransmitter on the receptor sites of the next cell increasing or decreasing the activity of that cell

Answer 23

Agonists

Question 24

Excitatory or inhibitory; Involved in mood, sleep and appetite

Answer 24

Serotonin

Question 25

Excitatory or inhibitory; involved in control of movement and sensations of pleasure

Answer 25

Dopamine

Question 26

Inhibitory; involved in pain relief

Answer 26

Endorphins