Chapter 2 (The American Colonies Emerge)

Question 1

Hernando Cortes

Answer 1

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztec empire in 1519.

Question 2

conquistador

Answer 2

one of the Spaniards who traveled to the Americas as an explorer and conqueror in the 16th century.

Question 3

New Spain

Answer 3

A Spanish colony founded by Cortes after defeating the Aztecs. He called the capital Mexico City.

Question 4

mestizo

Answer 4

person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry

Question 5

encomienda

Answer 5

a system in which Spanish authorities granted colonial landlords the service of Native Americans as forced laborers.

Question 6

Juan Ponce de Leon

Answer 6

explorer who discovered Florida in 1513 and claimed it for Spain

Question 7

conversion

Answer 7

A change in which a person adopts a new belief, opinion, or religion.

Question 8

John Smith

Answer 8

British soldier who helped Jamestown Colony survive by discipline and order

Question 9

joint-stock companies

Answer 9

businesses in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose

Question 10

Jamestown

Answer 10

First permanent English colony founded in 1607 in Virginia

Question 11

Powhatan

Answer 11

a group of Native American peoples that lived in eastern Virginia at the time of the first English settlements there.

Question 12

Headright system

Answer 12

the Virginia Company’s policy of granting 50 acres of land to each settler and to each family members who accompanied him.

Question 13

indentured servants

Answer 13

a person who has contracted to work for another for a limited period, often in return for travel expenses, shelter, and sustenance.

Question 14

royal colony

Answer 14

a colony under the direct control of the English monarch

Question 15

Nathaniel Bacon

Answer 15

A twenty-nine year old planter who led a rebellion of frontier settlers against the government of the Virginia Colony in 1676

Question 16

Puritans

Answer 16

church members who wanted to “purify” or reform the Church of England

Question 17

John Winthrop

Answer 17

a leader in the founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and the first governor of the Puritans

Question 18

Plymouth Colony

Answer 18

British colony founded by Separatists in 1620 that was the second permanent English colony in North America

Question 19

Separatists

Answer 19

Puritans who did not think that it was possible to reform the Church of England from within so they formed independent congregations with their own ministers. Known today as the Pilgrims.

Question 20

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Answer 20

British colony founded in 1630 by Puritans, it quickly grew as a result of a migration greater in size than all previous expeditions to North America.

Question 21

Roger Williams

Answer 21

Considered an extreme Separatist; he expressed two then controversial views: #1. English settlers had no right to land unless purchased from Native Americans. #2. Government officials had no business punishing settlers for their religious beliefs.

Question 22

Anne Hutchinson

Answer 22

Believed worshippers needed neither the church nor its ministers to interpret the Bible for them. She was banished by Puritan leaders from colony in 1638 and made her way to Rhode Island.

Question 23

Metacom

Answer 23

Native American chief of Wampanoag tribe whom the English called King Philip. He organized an alliance of other tribes to fight back against the English

Question 24

King Philip’s War

Answer 24

a conflict, in the years 1675-1676, between New England colonists and Native American groups allied under the leadership of the Wampanoag chief Metacom (King Philip)

Question 25

William Penn

Answer 25

a Quaker who was given a charter for land in America that he hoped to establish on Quaker principles of equality, cooperation, and religious toleration. The colony was called Pennsylvania.

Question 26

New Netherland

Answer 26

a colony started by the Dutch West India Company in 1621 to expand the thriving fur trade

Question 27

Quakers

Answer 27

members of the Society of Friends, a religious group persecuted for its beliefs in 17th-century England