Chapter 1 (Three Worlds Meet) Flashcards
Three Worlds Meet
Nomadic
Moving from place to place
Olmec
Native American people whose civilization flourished in what is now southern Mexico in the period 1200-400 B.C.
Maya
Native American people whose civilization flourished in Guatemala and the Yucatan Peninsula between about A.D. 250 and 900.
Aztec
Native American people that settled in the Valley of Mexico in the 1200’s A.D. and later developed a powerful empire.
Inca
Native American people that around A.D. 1400 created an empire reaching nearly 2,500 miles along the west coast of South America.
Hohokam
Native American group that lived in the valleys of the Salt and Gila rivers (in what is now Arizona) from about 300 B.C. to A.D. 1400.
Anasazi
Native American group that lived on the mesa tops, cliff sides, and canyon bottoms of the Four Corners region (where present-day states of AZ, NM, CO, and UT meet) from about A.D. 100 to 1300.
Adena
a Mound Builder society that was centered in the Ohio River valley and flourished from about 700 B.C. to A.D. 100.
Hopewell
a Mound Builder society that was centered in the Ohio River valley and flourished from about 200 B.C. to A.D. 400.
Mississippian
the last and most complex of the Mound Builder societies, inhabiting the Ohio and Mississippi valleys from about A.D. 700 into the 1500’s.
Kashaya Pomo
Native American people that formerly inhabited the coastal marshlands of what is now California.
Kwakiutl
Native American people that formerly inhabited the northwestern coastal region of North America.
Pueblo
a group of Native American peoples—descendants of the Anasazi—inhabiting the deserts of the Southwest.
Iroquois
a group of Native American peoples inhabiting the woodlands of the Northeast.
kinship
the ties between members of a family
division of labor
the assignment of different tasks and responsibilities to different groups or individuals.
Islam
a religion founded in Arabia in A.D. 622 by the prophet Muhammad; its believers are called Muslims.
plantation
a large farm on which the labor of slaves or other workers is used to grow a single crop, such as sugar cane or cotton.
Songhai
an empire that, at the height of its power in the 1500’s, controlled much of West Africa.
savanna
a dry grassland dotted with trees and bushes, found in sub-Saharan Africa and other tropical or subtropical regions.
Benin
a West African kingdom that flourished in the Niger Delta region (in what is now Nigeria) from the 14th to the 17th century.
Kongo
a group of small kingdoms along the Zaire River in West-Central Africa, united under a single leader in the late 1400’s.
lineage
a group of people descended from a common ancestor.
Prince Henry
often called “Henry the Navigator,” sent Portuguese ships to explore the west coast of Africa during the early decades of the 15th century.
Renaissance
a period of European history, lasting from about 1400 to 1600, during which renewed interest in classical culture led to far-reaching changes in art, learning, and views of the world.
hierarchy
a social ordering by rank or class.
nuclear family
a household made up of a mother, a father, and their children.
Crusades
a series of Christian military expeditions to the Middle East between A.D. 1096 and 1270 to drive the Muslims from the Holy Land.
Reformation
a religious movement in 16th-century Europe, growing out of a desire for reform in the Roman Catholic Church and leading to the establishment of various Protestant churches.
Christopher Columbus
was an Italian explorer who sailed across the ocean in 1492, hoping to find a route to India. He made a total of four trips to the Caribbean and South America from 1492 to 1504.
Taino
Native American people of the Caribbean islands–the first group encountered by Columbus and his men when they reached the Americas.
colonization
the establishment of outlying settlements by a parent country.
Columbian Exchange
the transfer–beginning with Columbus’s first voyage–of plants, animals, and diseases between the Western Hemisphere and the Eastern Hemisphere.
Treaty of Tordesillas
the 1494 treaty in which Spain and Portugal agreed to divide the lands of the Western Hemisphere (Americas) between them.
