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Biology 1 Honors > Chapter 2 Test Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Test Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass—> found as liquids, solids, and gas

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2
Q

Elements

A

A substance that cannot be broken down by other substances by ordinary chemical means

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3
Q

Compound

A

A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio

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4
Q

Trace Elements

A

a chemical element present only in minute amounts in a particular sample or environment.
a chemical element required only in minute amounts by living organisms for normal growth.

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5
Q

Organisms

A

Made up of matter

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6
Q

Matter is….

A

made up of elements

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7
Q

How many elements are there?

A

92

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8
Q

Isotope

A

An element that has the same # of protons but different # of nuetrons
(most stable, some radioactive)

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9
Q

What 4 elements make up 97% of us

A

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen (NOCH)

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10
Q

Trace elements are….

A

essential in smaller quantities (ex. iodine, florine, iron)

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11
Q

all elements are electrically…
1. negative
2. positive
3. nuetral

A
  1. nuetral
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12
Q

Atom

A

The smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element

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13
Q

Subatomic particles

A

protons, neutrons, electrons

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14
Q

Atomic Number

A

The number of protons in an element (same number of protons and electrons)

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15
Q

Atomic Mass

A

the sum of protons and neutrons

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16
Q

The unit of measurement for atomic mass

A

dalton

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17
Q

mass of protons and neutrons

A

1 dalton

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18
Q

mass of electrons

A

1/2,000 of protons and neutrons, barely contributes to the mass of an atom

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19
Q

stable isotopes

A

nuclei remain intact forever

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20
Q

radioactive isotopes

A

nucleus decays randomly, gives off particles and energy

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21
Q

Matter cannot be
A. broken down any further
B. expanded any further

A

A. broken down any further

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22
Q

Proton charge, mass, and location

A

Charge: (+)
Mass: 1 amu
Location: nucleus

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23
Q

Neutron charge, mass, and location

A

Charge: (o)
Mass: 1 amu
Location: nucleus

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24
Q

Electron charge, mass, and location

A

charge: (-)
mass: 1/2000 amu
location: electron shells

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25
Q

Two famous radioactive elements

A

oxygen, glucose

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26
Q

common trace element in the body

A

zinc

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27
Q

false statement regarding matter

A

all matter exits in the form of compounds

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28
Q

makes up a molecule of water

A

2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen

29
Q

Radioactive compounds can be used in….

A

the metabolic process

30
Q

Postitive use of radioactive compounds

A

MRI’s

31
Q

NEGATIVE use of radioactive compounds

A

atomic bombs

32
Q

Involved in an atom’s chemical activity
A. Protons
B. Neutrons
C. Electrons

A

C. Electrons

33
Q

Electron Shell

A

Where electrons are located

34
Q

Periodic Table: Columns/Groups

A

vertical, number of valence electrons, charge

35
Q

Periodic Table: Periods

A

Horizontal, determine the number of electron shells

36
Q

Ionic Bond

A

The transfer of electrons between atoms

37
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

The sharing of electrons between atoms

38
Q

Valence electrons

A

The electrons on the outermost shell of the atom

39
Q

Chemical Bonds

A

Hold atoms together

40
Q

Noble Gases

A

8 valence electrons

41
Q

Molecule

A

two or more atoms held together by COVALENT bonds

42
Q

Electronegativity

A

The measurement of an atoms attraction for shared electrons (in covalent bonds, = electronegativity allows them to share electrons)
THE HIGHER THE BETTER

43
Q

Non polar covalent bonds

A

atoms of the same element, equal electronegativity, strongest bond

44
Q

Polar covalent bonds

A

Two atoms differ in electronegativity- one NEGATIVE charge, 1 POSITIVE charge

45
Q

Covalent bonds are
A. stronger than ionic bonds
B. weaker than ionic bonds

A

A. Stronger than ionic bonds

46
Q

Anion

A

Negative, gains electrons

47
Q

Cation

A

Positive, gives electrons

48
Q

Ion

A

An atom or molecule with an electrical charge after gaining or losing electrons
-causes the atom to have an electrical charge

49
Q

Ionic Bonds

A

Attraction between two ions with opposite charges, the resulting compound is electrically neutral

50
Q

Hydrogen Molecules

A

Made with water molecules

51
Q

Polar Molecule

A

An unequal distribution of charges

52
Q

Chemical Reaction

A

Breaking existing chemical bonds and forming new ones, changes one set of chemicals to another set of chemicals
Don’t create destroy matter, only rearrange it

53
Q

Reactants

A

The conversion of the starting materials

54
Q

Product

A

The material from the chemical reaction

55
Q

Cohesion

A

Molecules of the same kind stick together

56
Q

Adhesion

A

When two substances stick togther

57
Q

Surface Tension

A

How difficult it is to break the surface of the liquid

58
Q

Thermal energy

A

Energy associated with the movement of atoms and molecules

59
Q

Heat

A

The thermal energy in transfer from a warmer to a cooler body of matter

60
Q

Evaporate

A

changes the physical state from liquid to gas

61
Q

Evaporative cooling

A

The surface of water cools down

62
Q

3 Forms of water

A

liquid, solid, gas

63
Q

Solution

A

A liquid consisting of a mixture of two or more substances

64
Q

Solvent

A

The liquid that gets dissolved into

65
Q

Solute

A

The substance dissolved

66
Q

Aqueous solute

A

The water is the solvent

67
Q

The pH scale acids:

A

Contains H+, donates H+ to solutions, 1-6 on the pH scale

68
Q

The pH scale base

A

OH-, reduces H+ in a solution, 8-14 on the pH scale

69
Q

Buffer

A

Limits the amount of changes in pH

Biology 1 Honors (3 decks)

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