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Eco/Evo > Chapter 2 Test Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Test Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Community Ecology

A

Interactions among different species

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2
Q

Cost/Benefit Anaylsis

A

2 different species can be cataorgized by considering the cost/benefit to each species

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3
Q

Neutral Interactions

A

No cost or benefit to either

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4
Q

Positive Interactions

A

Both parties benefit

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5
Q

Positive Negative Interactions

A

Both experience some cost
ex. Competition

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6
Q

One-Sided Interactions

A

One benefits, while the other suffers
ex. predation, parasitism, competition

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7
Q

Competition

A

When 2 or more organisms use a common resource that is in LIMITED SUPPLY
Can be inter/intra specific

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8
Q

Interference Competition

A

There is a direct interaction between competitors

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9
Q

Exploitative Competation

A

Indirect, when the limited resource is consumed by one of the competitors

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10
Q

Gause’s Principal

A

2 species with identical ecological requirements cannot occupy the dame environment

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11
Q

Competitive Exclusion principal

A

The same as gause’s principal

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12
Q

Diffuse Competition

A

Compounding cost of low intensities

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13
Q

Exclusion

A

When ne of the competitors is no longer able to physically exist in the environment in question

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14
Q

Resource Partitioning

A

When competitors partition the common resource into different, specific resources. Not sharing,
Requires a change in a trait of 1 or both competitors
Character displacement-morphology is changed.

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15
Q

Symbiosis

A

Intimate/protracted association between 2 or more different species

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16
Q

Endosymbiosis

A

When the association involves on the organisms living within the the other

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17
Q

Mutualism

A

Both parties benefit

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18
Q

Commensalism

A

One party benefits and nothing happens to the other

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19
Q

Parasitism

A

One acquires nutrients from 1 party to enhance fitness. Doesn’t want to kill its host as it feeding, but may happen. Can be symbiotic

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20
Q

Coevolution

A

Certain traits of each species evolve in response to the traits of the other.

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21
Q

Seed-Dispersers

A

Animal’s that disperse seeds for trees.

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22
Q

Microparasitisms

A

Small
Ex. Viruses, Fungi, Bacteria, Protists, and Prions

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23
Q

Macroparasitisms

A

Large Parasites

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24
Q

Social Parasitism

A

When one organism is parasitically dependent upon organization of another.

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25
Q

Brood Parasitism

A

imposing care of eggs/young onto surrogate parents

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26
Q

Klepto Parasitism

A

Forcible theft of prey by the parasite from the host.

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27
Q

Trophic Ecology

A

Ecology of Feeding

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28
Q

Predator

A

An organism that subdues and consumes another living organism as a source of energy

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29
Q

Detritivores

A

Organisms that consume dead organic material

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30
Q

Scavengers

A

Animal that consumes dead animals subdued by others.

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31
Q

Decomposers

A

Organism that breakdown dead organic material into elemental components.

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32
Q

Omnivores

A

Any organism that consumes material from more then 1 kingdom

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33
Q

Carnivores

A

Consumes animal tissue and subdue

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34
Q

Cannibals

A

eat their own kind

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35
Q

Herbivores

A

Eat plant material

36
Q

Prey

A

An organism thats consumed by another organism

37
Q

Lotka-Volterra Predation Model

A

Dependent on predator prey dynamic are the only driving force regulating populations
Populations will ocellate in a cycle over time.

38
Q

Plant-Herbivore intereactions

A

Either parts or entire plant are consumed with a negative effect on the fitness of the plant.

39
Q

Herbivore-carnivore intereactions

A

Where a carnivore consumes a herbivore.

40
Q

Plant defenses

A

Noxious Chemicals, Mechanical, Repellents, Reproductive Inhibition, Predator Satiation, Defensive Associations.

41
Q

Succession

A

By precenting certain plants from establishing ecosystem functions, function of plants will be determined by their composition and fitness.

42
Q

Noxious Chemicals

A

Quantitative: Substance ingested in large amount the prevent digestion.
Qualitative: Toxic substance that when ingested in small amounts cause death

43
Q

Mechanical Defenses

A

Thorns, Spikes, conifers, palms

44
Q

Repellents

A

Substances that repel herbivores without indigestion

45
Q

Reproductive inhibition

A

Hormone derivatives the prevent sexual development

46
Q

Predator satiation

A

Production of additional biomass to offset loss to herbivores

47
Q

Defensive associations

A

When potable plants hang out with un potable plants

48
Q

Warning colors

A

Advertise that they are unpotable or poisonous

49
Q

camouflage

A

blending in with the environmental to avoid detection

50
Q

Mimicry

A

Bastesian mimicry a potable organism mimic a unpotable one.
Mullerian Mimicry: 2 or more different unpotable prey mimic each other

51
Q

Armour/Weapons

A

Physical Protection

52
Q

Intimidation

A

Scare predators into not eating you

53
Q

Power in numbers

A

overwhelm predators and reduce chance of selection

54
Q

Ambush

A

sit and wait

55
Q

Stalk/Trap

A

animal pursuit

56
Q

Search/Pursue

A

run em down and eat em

57
Q

Cryptic coloration/Mimicry

A

look like another organism to get closer to prey

58
Q

Hunting adaptations

A

Teeth/Claws, heightened sensory capabilities, morphemically booster.

59
Q

Cannibalism

A

Eating one’s own species

60
Q

Food chain/webs

A

Food chain: a linear diagram that models true flow of energy among different organisms
Food Web: a diagram that models the flow of energy among organisms by more than one food chain.

61
Q

Source food webs

A

Links are drawn up upward from a species that is a basal resource

62
Q

Sink Food webs

A

links are drawn downward from a species that is considered a top predator

63
Q

Community Food web

A

Connects everything to everything.

64
Q

Top Down Model

A

Predation controls community structure, populations trends alternation from one level to another

65
Q

Bottom up model

A

Nutrients control community structure as they control primary producers. Population trends are all the same

66
Q

Richness

A

The number of different types of components.

67
Q

Evenness

A

The relative abundance of all the different types of components

68
Q

Biodiversity

A

The true richness and evenness among organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur.

69
Q

Structured Diversity

A

The richness and evenness among different types of components in a system

70
Q

Functional Diversity

A

Richness and evenness of different roles played by all the different components within a system.

71
Q

Ecological Redundancy

A

2 or more different species perform a similar function

72
Q

Genetic Diversity

A

Richness and evenness of genotypes within a particular population or species.

73
Q

Shannon-Weiner diversity Function

A

Measure of uncertainty

74
Q

H

A

Index of species diversity

75
Q

S

A

Number of species

76
Q

P1, P2, P3…

A

Proportion of total belonging in the species

77
Q

Diversity-Stability Hypothesis

A

Linear Line

78
Q

Rivet Hypothesis

A

Sharp drop off, but constant growth

79
Q

Redundancy Hypothesis

A

Sharp drop off with a plateau

80
Q

Idiosycratic Hypothesis

A

All over the place because one model cannot describe all of ecology.

81
Q

Habitat Selection

A

Individual organism select environments where they can achieve fitness

82
Q

Habitat

A

The environment in which the life needs of an organism are met

83
Q

Macro Habitat

A

Overall habitat of a community

84
Q

Mircohabitat

A

A portion of the macrohabitat that directly encountered by an individual or population of a given species.

85
Q

Suitability

A

Breath, Drink, Acquire Nutrients, Grow, hide, Move, Reproduce.

Eco/Evo (4 decks)

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