Chapter 2 Study Guide

Question 1

What is an isotope

Answer 1

An atom with extra neutrons

Positively or negatively charged

Question 2

What kind of bond holds a water molecule together

Answer 2

Hydrogen bond

Question 3

What is the difference between adhesion and cohesion

Answer 3

Cohesion is the attraction to molecules of the same substance to the same substance
Adhesion is when molecules stick to other things

Question 4

What are monosaccharide?

Answer 4

Simple sugars, 1 sugar

Examples: Fructose, glucose, ribose

Question 5

Polysaccharides

Answer 5

Many sugars
Glycogen
Starch
Cellulose

Question 6

What is the molecular formula for carbohydrates

Answer 6

C6H12O6

Question 7

The 4 macromolecules found in living things

Answer 7

Nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates

Question 8

Nucleic acids examples

Answer 8

DNA and RNA

Question 9

What do enzymes do

Answer 9

They speed up the process of chemical reactions

Question 10

Catalysts

Answer 10

They lower the activation energy for reactions

Question 11

Hydrophilic

Answer 11

Likes water

The polar head of the lipid

Question 12

Hydrophobic

Answer 12

The non polar tail of the lipid

Doesn’t like water

Question 13

What do you nucleic acids do

Answer 13

This store in transit hereditary or genetic information

Question 14

Plants and animals store excess sugar as….

Answer 14

Starch

Question 15

3 categories of lipids

Answer 15

Oils, fats, waxes

Question 16

The components of lipids include a glycerol molecule combined with …….. tail.

Answer 16

Fatty acid

Question 17

The monomer that make you nucleic acids are known as….

Answer 17

Nucleotides

Question 18

Proteins are polymers called…..

Answer 18

Amino acids which are monomers

Question 19

What is the function of ATP?

Answer 19

The cells use it for energy/storage source

Question 20

Diffusion

Answer 20

Particles move form a high to low concentration to reach equilibrium

Question 21

Osmosis

Answer 21

From low to a higher concentration.

The diffusion if water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 22

Cell membrane vs wall

Answer 22

Membrane present in both[plant and animal]cells, the wall is only present in plants cells

Question 23

Pressure that keeps plant cell walls rigid is

Answer 23

Turgor pressure

Question 23

Endocytosis

Answer 23

Brings stuff in

Question 24

Exocytosis

Answer 24

Pushes stuff out

Question 25

Organic compounds are also known as

Answer 25

Macromolecules

Question 26

Example of disaccharide

Answer 26

Sucrose

Question 27

Nitrogen bases

Answer 27

A T C G U

Question 28

Where are phospholipids found?

Answer 28

In cell membrane (liver)

Question 29

What happens in an isotonic solution

Answer 29

Water is inside and outside the cell

Question 30

What happens in a hypertonic solution

Answer 30

The water leaves the cell causing it to shrink

Higher solute concentration

Question 31

What happen in a Hypotonic solution

Answer 31

The water goes into the cell causing it to swell

A lower source of concentration

Question 32

Vacuole does what

Answer 32

Hold most of the liquid

Question 33

What happens to enzymes in a chemical reaction

Answer 33

Enzymes don’t change form or get used up in chemical reactions