Chapter 2- Structure And Process Flashcards
Criminology
Crime and criminal behavior Causes of crime Explanations of crime Crime patterns and trends Nature and extent of victimization
Criminal justice
Law making
Social control and punishment
Activities of the courts,police, and corrections.
At risk and vulnerable populations
Role and activities of the community in responding to crime,disorder and offenders
Crime control model
Protections of the public
Criminal offenders responsible for their behavior
Should be swift,certain and efficient
Focus on the rights of victims rather than criminal defendants
Strong presumption of guilt
Conservative
Due process model
Ensure equal justice for all citizens.
Deliberate and ensure procedural fairness
Focus on ensuring the rights of criminal defendants are protected
Strong presumption of innocence
Reflects liberal
Influences on the criminal justice system
Politics Media Religious beliefs Research Legislation
Task environment
Cultural,geographic and community setting in which the criminal justice system operated and justice personnel make decisions
Criminal code
Federal legislation that sets out criminal laws, procedures for prosecuting federal offences and sentences and procedures for the administration of justice
Federal responsibilities in criminal justice
Power to create,amend,and repeal criminal law for the entire country. Federal police,prosecutors Supreme Court of Canada Public safety Canada Border services
Provincial or territorial responsibilities in criminal justice
Impaired driving, manage courthouses. Employ crown attorneys and some judges.
Operate problem solving courts
Municipal responsibilities in criminal justice
Enact bylaws valid with city limits. Collect fines. Control police budgets.
Adversarial system
Based on two opposing sides (prosecution and defense) arguing the guilt or innocence of a person before a judge or jury
Beyond a reasonable doubt
Standard that must be met to convict a defender in a criminal case which requires that the facts presented provide the only logical explanation for the crime
Too young for evil
Child under 12 cannot be held criminally responsible or prosecuted for criminal acts
Insanity
Severe mental disorders. No one is criminal responsible and liable to punishment if I cable of knowing the acts was wrong owing to a mental disorders
Discretion
Freedom to choose among different options when confronted with the need to make a decision.
