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Biology > Chapter 2 Structure And Function Of Cells > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Structure And Function Of Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A

The chemical energy that cells use. It is produced by mitochondria

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2
Q

Apoptosis

A

The process of programmed cell death

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3
Q

Active Transport

A

The movement of dissolved substances from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration. Requires energy

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4
Q

Archaeans

A

Prokaryotic organisms

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5
Q

Bacteria

A

Unicellular organism. Prokaryotic.

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6
Q

Cell membrane

A

Boundary of the cell. Partially permeable

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7
Q

Cell wall

A

Semi rigid structure. Outside the cell membrane. Found in plants, algae, fungi and bacteria

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8
Q

Cellular respiration

A

The process of converting chemical energy of food into energy usable by the cell. Mostly ATP

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9
Q

Cellulose

A

Complex carbohydrate (many glucose molecules). Main component of plant cell walls

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10
Q

Chlorophylls

A

Green color that traps the energy of sunlight. Required for photosynthesis

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11
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Organelles containing chlorophyll which are essential photosynthesis

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12
Q

Chromatin

A

Stained substance found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

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13
Q

Cilia

A

Many whip like structures that are enclosed in a thin layer of cell membrane

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14
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

A network of filaments that hold the organelles in place inside a cell

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15
Q

Cytosol

A

Watery fluid found in a eukaryotic cell, contains many dissolved materials

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16
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acid

A

DNA contains genetic information, organized into chromosomes in eukaryotic cells

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17
Q

Diatoms

A

Unicellular eukaryotic organisms, common in sea water and fresh water

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18
Q

Diffusion

A

The net movement of a substance from a high concentration to a low concentration, no energy required

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19
Q

Endocytosis

A

Bulk movement of a solid or liquid into the cell

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20
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

An organelle that has a system of channels that transport substance throughout the cell

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21
Q

Endosomes

A

Organelles in animal cells that pass on newly digested material onto lysosomes

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22
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Cells or organisms with a membrane bound nucleus

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23
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Cells with a membrane bound nucleus

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24
Q

Exocytosis

A

The bulk transport of material out of cells via vesicles

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25
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

A type of diffusion that involves a specific carrier molecule to assist the substance across the plasma membrane

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26
Q

Flagellum

A

A whip like organelle attached to the plasma membrane. Aids in movement of organisms.

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27
Q

Fungi

A

Group of heterotrophic organisms that play a role in the decomposition of organic matter

28
Q

Golgi complex

A

An organelle that puts substances into vesicles for export from the cell

29
Q

Grana

A

Stacks of folded membrane layers where chlorophyll is located in the chloroplast

30
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Describes substances that can dissolve in water

31
Q

Hypertonic

A

A solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved substances than a solution being compared

32
Q

Hypotonic

A

A solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved substances than a solution being compared

33
Q

Isotonic

A

A solution that has the same concentration as the solution compared

34
Q

Lipophilic

A

Substances that have a low water solubility or are insoluble but are able to dissolve in lipid

35
Q

Lysosomes

A

A vesicle that contains digestive enzymes

36
Q

Microtubules

A

A supporting structure of the cytoskeleton

37
Q

Mitochondria

A

Organelles that produce ATP for energy in the cell

38
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

A membrane that surrounds the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

39
Q

Nucleoli

A

A structure that is in the nucleus and store rRNA

40
Q

Organ

A

Structure that is made up of many tissues and performs a special function

41
Q

Organ system

A

Groups of organs that perform a particular function in an organism

42
Q

Organelles

A

Structures present in a cell

43
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water from a high concentration to a low concentration. Does not require energy

44
Q

Partially permeable

A

To only allow some dissolved materials to cross

45
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Small organelles found in eukaryotic cells that contain enzymes that detoxify toxic materials in the bloodstream

46
Q

Phagocytosis

A

A type of endocytosis that involves solid food particle being transported

47
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Process of converting trapped light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose

48
Q

Phytoplankton

A

Photosynthetic organisms that float on water

49
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Type of endocytosis involving the movement of liquid into cells

50
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Partially permeable boundary of the cell, separating the cell from the outside and controls the entry and exit of substances

51
Q

Primary cell wall

A

First layer of the cell wall outside a newly formed plant cell

52
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Cells and organisms without a membrane bound nucleus

53
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

Cells that don’t have DNA in a nucleus and lack some organelles

54
Q

Protein filaments

A

Part of the cytoskeleton that supply strength and support for the cell

55
Q

Proteins

A

Large molecules made of amino acids

56
Q

Protists

A

One of the groups of organisms in the five kingdoms

57
Q

Ribonucleic acid

A

A single stranded nucleic acid, contains ribose sugar, and the nitrogenous bases A, U, C, G

58
Q

Ribosomes

A

Organelle, containing RNA, that is responsible for protein production

59
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

The Endoplasmic reticulum that has ribosomes attached

60
Q

Secondary cell walls

A

Deposited on the primary cell wall after cell growth has stopped on some plant cells

61
Q

Stroma

A

Fluid in between the grana which contains enzymes for photosynthesis

62
Q

SA:V Ratio

A

Identifies the number of surface area units for each volume in a cell

63
Q

Tissue

A

Groups of similar cells that perform a function

64
Q

Vacuoles

A

Structures in plant cells containing materials in solution

65
Q

Vesicle

A

Membrane bound sac filled with fluid

Biology (3 decks)

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