Chapter 1 Cells Discovery And Exploration

Question 1

Cell theory

Answer 1

All of living things consist of cells or are a product of cells.
Cells are the basic functional unit of life

Question 2

Cells

Answer 2

The basic functional unit of all living organisms

Question 3

Coating

Answer 3

To cover a sample, being viewed in a SEM, in a thin layer of gold, platinum or carbon. This is so electrons are reflected and there is no build up of a static charge?

Question 4

Compound light microscopes

Answer 4

Light microscopes that have at least two sets of lenses

Question 5

Eyepiece lens

Answer 5

The lens closest to the eye of the observer

Question 6

Fluorescence microscope

Answer 6

A CLM that uses UV light to detect compounds that have been stained with fluorescent dyes.

Question 7

Biogenesis

Answer 7

New cells arise from pre-existing cells

Question 8

High pressure fracturing

Answer 8

To freeze a sample extremely quickly under high pressure to avoid ice crystals being formed and destroying the internal structure. The sample can then be viewed under a TEM

Question 9

Light microscope

Answer 9

Microscopes that use light and glass lens in order to view samples with an increased magnification

Question 10

Magnification

Answer 10

The amount of enlargement of a sample when viewed through the lens of a microscope.

Question 11

Microscopes

Answer 11

A tool used for viewing small samples

Question 12

Nucleus

Answer 12

A membrane bound organelle, containing DNA

Question 13

Objective lens

Answer 13

The lens closest to the sample being viewed

Question 14

Oil immersion objective lens

Answer 14

A type of lens that goes in between the glass slide and the objective lens. The loss of light is reduced due to refraction.

Question 15

Phase contrast microscope

Answer 15

A modified CLM that is used to viewed unstained and intact living cells

Question 16

Resolution

Answer 16

The amount of detail seen when a sample is viewed under a microscope

Question 17

Scanning confocal microscope

Answer 17

A light microscope that uses a laser light to view the different layers of a sample

Question 18

Scanning electron microscope

Answer 18

An electron microscope that scans the surface of a sample by repeatedly scanning back and forth to produce a detailed image

Question 19

Shadowing

Answer 19

A technique that involves covering a specimen with a carbon coating to leave behind a metal replica which can then be examined by an electron microscope

Question 20

Simple light microscopes

Answer 20

Light microscopes with only one lens

Question 21

Spontaneous generation

Answer 21

The idea that living things could arise from nonliving matter or dead matter

Question 22

Staining

Answer 22

Colouring compounds that are usually colourless, so that they can be identified when viewed under a microscope

Question 23

Transmission Electron Microscope

Answer 23

An electron microscope that uses a beam of electrons to illuminate the sample. Electromagnets control the path of the beam which is produced by a tungsten filament