Chapter 2 - Sources of Information Flashcards
1
Q
Bias
How can we be swayed by a good story?
A
- we accept certain conclusions if they seem right to us
2
Q
Availability heuristic
A
- things that pop up easily in your mind tend to guide our thinking
- often influenced by the media
3
Q
present/present bias
A
- inability to see the relationship between an event and its outcome
- forgetting to think about negative info or just the “other” info
- not considering comparison groups
- ex. remembering an old friend and that friend then randomly texts you that day and you think it must be magic. when in reality you’ve likely thought of that friend many times but it’s passed because they didn’t text you
4
Q
Confirmation bias
A
- focus on evidence we like the best
- select ideas that confirm or support our idea
5
Q
bias blind spot
A
- being biased about being biased
- fail to recognize it
- want to see ourselves in a good light
- makes us trust our faulty reasoning even more
6
Q
Q: When would it be sensible to accept the conclusions of authority figures? When might it not?
A
- when it is based on well-conducted research (as opposed to experience or intuition)
7
Q
Q: What are the 5 ways intuition is biased?
A
- bias blind spot
- confirmation bias
- availability heuristic
- present/present bias
- believing a good story
8
Q
Q: What are 2 general problems with basing beliefs on experience?
A
- experience is confounded
- experience has no comparison groups
9
Q
Who are scientific journals written for?
A
other psych scientists and students
10
Q
Empirical journal articles
A
- researchers summarize their research
- convey evidence they’ve collected
- details about method, statistical tests used, and results
11
Q
Review articles
A
- collect all empirical journal articles and summarize them
- tells us what we know at a specific time
- sometimes uses meta-analysis
12
Q
Meta-analysis
A
- collects statistics from all empirical journal articles
- statistical summary of results
- summarizes the magnitude or effect size of a relationship
13
Q
why aren’t books a very good source?
A
- often not peer-reviewed
