Chapter 2 Slides

Question 0

_______: the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules, associated with the release of energy.

Answer 0

Catabolism

Question 1

______ : the flow of energy in a biological system; the conversion of macronutrients into biologically usable forms of energy.

Answer 1

Bioenergetics

Question 2

_______: the synthesis of larger molecules from small molecules; can be accomplished using the energy released from catabolic reactions.

Answer 2

Anabolism

Question 3

______ energy-releasing reactions that are generally catabolic.

Answer 3

Exergonic reactions

Question 4

______: require energy and include anabolic processes and the contraction of muscle.

Answer 4

Endergonic reactions

Question 5

______: the total of all the catabolic or Exergonic and anabolic or endergonic reactions in a biological system.

Answer 5

Metabolism

Question 6

______: allows the transfer of energy from Exergonic to endergonic reactions.

Answer 6

ATP

Question 7

What are the three basic energy systems that exist in muscle cells to replenish ATP?

Answer 7

• the phosphagen system
• glycolysis
• the oxidative system

Question 8

Energy stored in the chemical bonds of ______ is used to power muscular activity.

Answer 8

ATP

Question 9

The replenishment of ATP in human skeletal muscle is accomplished by three basic energy systems: 1) ______, 2) _____, 3) ______.

Answer 9

Phosphagen
Glycolytic
Oxidative

Question 10

_________ system provides ATP primarily for short-term, high-intensity activities (resistance training, sprinting) and is active at the start of all exercise regardless of intensity.

Answer 10

Phosphagen

Question 11

________: the concentrations of reactants or products (or both) in solution will drive the direction of the reactions.

Answer 11

Law of mass action

Question 12

_______: the breakdown of carbohydrates – either glycogen stored in the muscle or glucose delivered in the blood – to resynthesize ATP.

Answer 12

Glycolysis

Question 13

Lactate can be transported in the blood to the liver, where it is converted to glucose. This process is referred to as the ______.

Answer 13

Cori cycle

Question 14

_______: the exercise intensity or relative intensity at which blood
lactate begins an abrupt increase above the baseline concentration.

Answer 14

Lactate threshold (LT)

Question 15

Lactate threshold begins at ____% to _____% of maximal oxygen uptake in untrained individuals.

Answer 15

50

60

Question 16

Lactate threshold begins at _____% to ____% in trained athletes.

Answer 16

70

80

Question 17

The ______ system is the primary source of ATP at rest and during low intensity activities. Uses primarily carbohydrates and fats as substrates.

Answer 17

Oxidative

Question 18

Metabolism of blood glucose and muscle glycogen begins with glycolysis and leads to the ____.

Answer 18

Krebs cycle

Question 19

______ stored in fat cells can be broken down by hormone-sensitive lipase.

Answer 19

Triglycerides

Question 20

____ is not a significant source of energy for most activities.

Answer 20

Protein

Question 21

Protein is broken down into _____, and then they are converted into glucose, pyruvate, or various Krebs cycle intermediates to produce ATP.

Answer 21

Amino acids

Question 22

Isocitrate dehydrogenase is stimulated by _____ and inhibited by _____.

Answer 22

ADP

ATP

Question 23

The rate of glycogen depletion is related to ____.

Answer 23

Exercise intensity

Question 24

Repletion appears to be optimal if ____ to ____ g of carbohydrate per kg of body weight is ingested every 2 hours following exercise.

Answer 24

.7

3.0

Question 25

_______: oxygen uptake above resting values used to restore the body to the preexercise conditon; also called postexercise oxygen uptake, oxygen debt, or recovery O2.

Answer 25

Excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

Question 26

______ is a method that emphasizes bioenergetic adaptations for a more efficient energy transfer within the metabolic pathways by using predetermined intervals of exercise and rest periods.

Answer 26

Interval training

Question 27

______ adds aerobic endurance training to the training of anearobic athletes in order to enhance recovery.

Answer 27

Combination training