Chapter 1 slides

Question 0

Each skeletal muscle is an organ that contains muscle tissue, connective tissue, ______, and blood vessels.

Answer 0

Nerves

Question 1

What are the 5 phases of the sliding filament theory of muscular contraction?

Answer 1

• resting phase
• excitation-contraction coupling phase
• contraction phase
• recharge phase
• relaxation phase

Question 2

Fibrous connective tissue, or epimysium, covers the body’s more than _____ skeletal muscles.

Answer 2

430

Question 3

Which connective tissue is on the outer layer?

Answer 3

Epimysium

Question 4

Which connective tissue surrounds each fasciculus?

Answer 4

Perimysium

Question 5

Which connective tissue surrounds individual fibers?

Answer 5

Endomysium

Question 6

A _______ consists of a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates.

Answer 6

Motor unit

Question 7

How many muscle fibers are in a single motor unit?

Answer 7

Several hundred

Question 8

Where is calcium stored in the muscle fibers?

Answer 8

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

The arrangement of ______(thick) and ______ (thin) filaments gives the skeletal muscle its striated appearance.

Answer 9

Myosin

Actin

Question 10

Which band is the space between the end of the myosin?

Answer 10

I band

Question 11

The discharge of an action potential from a motor nerve signals the release of _____ from the Sarcoplasmic reticulum into the myofibril, causing tension development in the muscle.

Answer 11

Calcium

Question 12

The ______ theory states that the actin filaments at each end of the sarcomere slide inward on myosin filaments, pulling the z-lines toward the center of the sarcomere and thus shortening the muscle fiber.

Answer 12

Sliding-filament

Question 13

In _____ muscles, the I bands and H zone are elongated, and there is a low force potential due to reduced cross-bridge-actin-alignment.

Answer 13

Stretched

Question 14

When muscle contracts, the I-bands and H-zone are ______.

Answer 14

Shortened

Question 15

With completely contracted muscles, there is a low force potential due to reduced ________.

Answer 15

Cross-bridge-actin-alignment

Question 16

Arrival of the action potential at the nerve terminal causes the release of _____.

Answer 16

Acetylcholine

Question 17

Muscles that function with great precision may have as few as ___ muscle fiber per motor neuron.

Answer 17

One

Question 18

Muscles that require less precision may have ______ fibers served by one motor neuron.

Answer 18

Several hundred

Question 19

___________: all of the muscle fibers in the motor unit contract and develop force at the same time. There is no such thing as a otor neuron stimulus that causes only some of the fibers to contract.

Answer 19

All-or-none principle

Question 20

What is an example of a type 1 (slow twitch) fiber?

Answer 20

Cross country

Question 21

What is an example of a type 2a (fast twitch) fiber?

Answer 21

Sprinter

Question 22

______ are composed of muscle fibers with specific morphological and physiological characteristics that determine their functions capacity.

Answer 22

Motor units

Question 23

_____ occurs when a load is lifted, since sufficient force must be developed to overcome the inertia of the load.

Answer 23

Preloading

Question 24

______: information concerning kinesthetic sense, or conscious appreciation of the position of body parts with respect to gravity.

Answer 24

Proprioception

Question 25

______ are specialized sensory receptors that provide the central nervous system with information needed to maintain muscle tone and perform complex coordinated movements.

Answer 25

Proprioceptors

Question 26

______ are proprioceptors that consist of several modified muscle fibers enclosed in a sheath of connective tissue.

Answer 26

Muscle spindles

Question 27

_____ are proprioceptors located in tendons near the myotendinous junction.

Answer 27

Golgi tendon organs

Question 28

____ is the decrease in muscle size.

Answer 28

Sarcopenia

Question 29

The _____ is a muscular organ made up of two interconnected but separate pumps.

Answer 29

Heart

Question 30

The right ventricle pumps blood to the _____.

Answer 30

Lungs

Question 31

The left ventricle pumps blood to _______.

Answer 31

The rest of the body

Question 32

The _____ system controls the mechanical contraction of the heart.

Answer 32

Conduction

Question 33

______ is recorded at the surface of the body; a graphic representation of the electrical activity of the heart.

Answer 33

Electrocardiogram

Question 34

______ operate in a closed-circuit system.

Answer 34

Blood vessels

Question 35

The _____ system carries blood away from the heart.

Answer 35

Arterial

Question 36

The ____ system returns blood toward the heart.

Answer 36

Venous

Question 37

_____ transports oxygen and serves as an acid-base buffer.

Answer 37

Hemoglobin

Question 38

Red blood cells facilitate ____ removal.

Answer 38

Carbon dioxide

Question 39

The _____ system transports nutrients and removes waste products while helping to maintain the environment for all the body’s functions.

Answer 39

Cardiovascular

Question 40

The amount and movement of air and expired gases in and out of the lungs are controlled by expansion and recoil of the _____.

Answer 40

Lungs

Question 41

The vertical and anteroposterior diameters _____ during inspiration.

Answer 41

Increase

Question 42

The primary function of the respiratory system is the basic exchange of _____ and _______.

Answer 42

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide