Chapter 2 Sections 1,2,3,& 4 Flashcards
What is the simplest invertebrate?
Sponges
What is a more complex invertebrate
Cnidarians
What is complete metamorphosis?
There are FOUR main stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. An example would be: butterflies, beetles, flies, bees, wasps, and ants.
What is incomplete metamorphosis?
There are THREE main stages: egg, nymph, and adult. Examples are: grasshoppers and cockroaches
Describe an open and closed circulatory system.
Open: the circulatory fluid is not contained entirely with vessels. Example: most mollusks have an open circulatory system.
Closed: the heart circulates blood through a network of blood vessels that formed a closed loop. Example: squid and octopuses have a closed circulatory system.
Compare an endoskeleton to an exoskeleton.
An endoskeleton is an internal skeleton made of bones or cartilage. An exoskeleton a hard, external, supporting structure. Endoskeleton and exoskeleton are like a backbone for invertebrates. The endoskeleton can be hard and bumpy or stiff and flexible. Sometimes the endoskeleton have spines; they can be short and bumpy. The skin covers the endoskeleton. Example: sea urchins, Echinoderms, and starfish.
Compare radial symmetry and bilateral symmetry. What invertebrate changes symmetry from larva to adult?
Radial-it’s body is organized around the center, like spokes on a wheel. Example: sea star
Bilateral- 2 sides of its body mirror itself. Example: ant.
A sea urchin is an invertebrate that goes through stages of bilateral symmetry and radial symmetry.
Characteristics of Arthropods.
A segmented body with specialized parts, jointed limbs, an exoskeleton, bristles, and a well-developed nervous system.
Characteristics of insects
Six legs, compound eyes,mandibles, one set of antennae, head, thorax, and abdomen.
Characteristics of crustaceans
Gills for breathing in water, mandibles for eating, two antennae, and two compound eyes.
Characteristics of arachnids
Chelicerae, no antennae, simple eyes, and a cephalothorax
Characteristics of centipedes
Mandibles, dozens of legs, and are segmented
What are the body forms of Cnidarians? What characteristics do all Cnidarians share?
Body forms of Cnidarians: 1. Medusa 2. Polyp
Characteristics: move faster than sponges, if broken into smaller pieces they form new Cnidarians, and they all have stinging cells.
Compare a compound eye to a simple eye
A compound eye: an eye composed of many light detectors.
A simple eye: an eye that can detect light, but can not see an image.
They both can still detect light. Example: insect- compound eye arachnid- simple eye
Describe neurons and ganglions
Neurons: a special tissue that makes fibers
Ganglion a mass of nerve cells
What are the classes of mollusks? Describe each
- Gastropods- slugs and snails.
- Bivalves- clams and other shellfish that have two shells.
- Cephalopods- squids and octopuses.
Give an example of an annelid worm
Example: earthworm
Give examples of flatworms
- Marine worms
- Flukes
- Tapeworms
- Planarians
Define parasite and give an example
Parasite: an organism that invades and feeds on the body of another living organism called a host. Example: flukes
Sponges are not plants. Why? Describe
Sponges aren’t plants because they can’t make there own food that’s why they are classified as animals. They are asymmetrical, have no tissues, gut or neurons.
A body cavity that contains the internal organ
Coelom
The digestive tract
Gut
A mass of nerve cells; connected by nerve cord; controlled by the brain.
Ganglion
An animal that does not have a backbone
Invertebrate
A circulatory system in which the circulatory fluid is not contained entirely with vessels.
Open circulatory system
A circulatory system in which the heart circulates blood through a network of blood vessels that form a closed loop
Closed circulatory system
Any part of a larger structure such as the body of an organism, that is set off by natural or arbitrary boundaries
Segment
A hard, external, supporting structure
Exoskeleton
An eye composed of many light detectors
Compound eye
A feeler that is on the head of an invertebrate, such as a crustacean or an insect, that senses touch, taste, or smell.
Antennae
A phase in the life cycle of many animals during which a rapid change from the immune form of an organism to the adult form takes place.
Metamorphosis
An internal skeleton made of bone or cartilage
Endoskeleton
A system of canals filled with watery fluid that circulates throughout the body of an echinoderm
Water vascular system
