Ch. 2: States Of Matter Flashcards
Solid, liquid, and gas. They are all made up of particles (atoms and molecules), but the speed in which the particles move is different in each state. Ex. Solid- slow, Gas- fast
States of matter
The state of matter that has definite shape and matter
Solid
Particles in a substance are…
Very close together, the attraction between them is stronger than in other states of matter
What are two kinds of solids
Crystalline and amorphous
Very orderly 3-D arrangement of particles that are in a repeating pattern of rows. Also a type of solid
Crystalline
Particles do not have a special arrangement, each is in one place but not in a pattern. Also a type of solid
Amorphous
State of matter that has a definite volume but takes the shape of the container
Liquid
Liquids change…
Shape but not volume
Force that acts on the particles at the surface of the liquid
Surface tension
Liquids resistance to flow; affected by the strength of the attraction between the molecules
Viscosity
Gases change…
In both shape and volume
State of matter that has no definite shape or volume; particles move quickly- less attraction between particles. The amount of empty space between gas and particles change
Gas
Measure of how fast the molecules are moving. The faster they move the more energy they have
Temperature
Is the amount of space that an object takes up. With a gas, the volume depends on the container
Volume
Increases when the amount of force per unit area increases
Pressure
Temperature, pressure, and volume of a gas are all linked- if one changes, the other two factors change too
Gas behavior laws
States the relationship between volume and pressure for a fixed amount of gas
Boyce’s law
States that if the temperature increases, the volume increases. If the temperature decreases, the volume decreases
Charles’s law
Change in a substance from one physical form to another
Change of state
Examples of changes of state
Freezing, melting, evaporation, condensation, and sublimation
The particles of a substance…
Move differently depending on the object
The change from a solid to a liquid
Melting
The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid
Melting point
To melt a solid, particles must overcome some of their attraction to each other
Adding energy
Liquid to solid; change of state from a liquid to solid
Freezing
The temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid
Freezing point
For a liquid to freeze, the attraction must overcome the moment of the particles.
Removing energy
Change of a substance from liquid to gas
Evaporation
Change of a liquid to vapor
Boiling
Boiling occurs when the pressure inside the bubbles equals the outside pressure on the bubbles
Vapor pressure
Temperature at which a liquid boils
Boiling point
No matter the amount of a specific substance…
The boiling point and the melting point of a substance will not change
Change of state from a gas to a liquid, it is reverse of evaporation
Condensation
Is the temperature at which the gas becomes a liquid
Condensation point
Change of state in which a solid changes directly into a gas
Sublimation
Evaporation, melting, and sublimation. Energy is added to make change
Endothermic change
Condensation and freezing. Energy is removed to make change
Exothermic changes
