Chapter 2 - Rocks

Question 0

How are rocks divided into groups??

Answer 0

Rocks are divided into groups based on there origin and how they are formed

Question 1

Name the three rock groups

Answer 1

Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic

Question 2

How are igneous rocks formed ??

Answer 2

Igneous rocks form when hot molten volcanic material cools down and becomes solid

Question 3

Examples of igneous rock ??

Answer 3

Granite

Basalt

Question 4

How are sedimentary rocks formed ??

Answer 4

Sedimentary rocks are formed from the compressed remains (sediments) of animals plants or other rocks

Question 5

Examples of sedimentary rocks ??

Answer 5

Limestone
Sandstone
Coal
Shale

Question 6

How are metamorphic rocks formed ??

Answer 6

Metamorphic rocks were once igneous or sedimentary rocks which changed by great heat or pressure

Question 7

Examples of metamorphic rock ??

Answer 7

Marble

Quartzite

Question 8

Describe granite

Answer 8

Granite is a hard and coarse multi coloured rock
It contains link or grey feldspar and crystals of mica or quartz
It is formed when magma cooled down deep in the earths crust because it cooled slowly there is time for crystals to form
Found in Wicklow mountains

Question 9

Describe basalt

Answer 9

Basalt is black and heavy
It was formed when lava cooled on the earths surface
It cooled too quick for any crystals to form
Can be found in giants causeway

Question 10

Describe sandstone

Answer 10

Sandstone is red/brown and coarse
It’s formed when large amounts of sand are worn from the earths crust and carried away by wind or rivers then deposited on seabeds
They gradually compress and cement together
They can be found in the Macgillycuddy’s Reeks
Comeragh
Mountains of Munster

Question 11

How is limestone made ??

Answer 11

It’s made from the remains of sea creatures and fish
After they die their skeletons pile up they are crushed and cemented together by the seawater until slowly they form into a solid rock

Question 12

Describe limestone

Answer 12

Laid down in horizontal lines of strata 
Vertical cracks or joints 
May contain fossils 
Easily weathered rain water has a weak carbonic acid which dissolves the calcium carbonate limestone is made of
Permeable

Question 13

What is a natural resource ??

Answer 13

Things from nature that are useful to humans

Question 14

What are the three ways natural resources can be extracted

Answer 14

Drilling (gas and oil)
Shaft mining (coal)
Open cast mining/quarrying - rock

Question 15

What is a shaft mine

Answer 15

A tunnel that can remove coal from deep beneath the earths surface

Question 16

What is drilling

Answer 16

Drilling can be pumped to the surface using rigs or platforms -gas is drilled from under the Celtic sea off co.cork

Question 17

What is quarrying

Answer 17

Rocks removed directly from the surface (sand and gravel)
Most common way of extracting rocks in Ireland
Cheapest way

Question 18

Quarrying adv. disadv

Answer 18

Adv. - roads improved for trucks
Jobs for locals
Money for the land owners

Dis adv. - air pollution
Visual pollution on the
Earths surface
Heavy traffic