Chapter 2 Review Questions

Question 1

Beneficence involves which of the following?
a. active participation of the imaging professional
b. doing good
c. preventing harm
d. all of the above

Answer 1

d. all of the above

Question 2

Nonmaleficence occurs when which of the following takes place?
a. good is done
b. evil is avoided
c. evil is done
d. good is avoided

Answer 2

b. evil is avoided

Question 3

Which of the following is a contractual agreement?
a. demonstration of a procedure
b. good intentions
c. informed consent processes
d. none of the above

Answer 3

c. informed consent processes

Question 4

The strongest action is _____, or the avoidance of harm; _____ is weaker and concerns the doing of good.

Answer 4

nonmaleficence, beneficence

Question 5

What four conditions are used in the principle of double effect to assess the proportionality of good and evil in an action?

Answer 5

a. action must be good or morally indifferent in itself
b. agent must intend only the good effect and not the evil effect
c. evil effect cannot be a means to the good effect
d. proportionality must exist between good and evil effects

Question 6

T/F: Taking part in continuing education and performing risk management procedures help ensure high-quality imaging procedures for the patient.

Answer 6

true

Question 7

Gathering information about imaging procedures is a method of participation for _____ in their health care.

Answer 7

patients

Question 8

Conflicts arise between _____ and ______ and may affect patient autonomy.

Answer 8

beneficence and nonmaleficence

Question 9

Explain why beneficence and nonmaleficence are important to the imaging professional. Explain the differences between them.

Answer 9

differences should include the active nature of beneficence and the passive nature of avoidance involved in nonmaleficence, as well as the greater importance of nonmaleficence compared with beneficence

Question 10

Give an example of an act of beneficence and an act of nonmaleficence in imaging services.

Answer 10

acts involving doing good and avoiding harm

Question 11

Which is more important: the doing of good or the avoidance of harm? In what way did you arrive at that conclusion?

Answer 11

avoiding harm

Question 12

In what way does the patient exercise personal responsibility over the proportionality of beneficence and nonmaleficence involved in the imaging procedure?

Answer 12

education; gathering information and their own input and decision making (among other answers)

Question 13

_____ and _____ agreements help provide patient autonomy.

Answer 13

verbal and written

Question 14

If in doubt, the patient should seek a _____ _____.

Answer 14

second opinion

Question 15

T/F: Medical indications involving the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence include the goals of the imaging procedure and the probabilities of success.

Answer 15

true

Question 16

The standard of care for professionals is:
a. their yearly job evaluation
b. the degree of skill of care employed by a reasonable professional practicing in the same field
c. their job description
d. the average amount imaging professionals are paid

Answer 16

b. the degree of skill of care employed by a reasonable professional practicing in the same field

Question 17

The standard of care for imaging professionals is established through:
a. educational requirements
b. curricula for the imaging sciences
c. practice standards
d. all of the above

Answer 17

d. all of the above

Question 18

T/F: If you are asked to do an imaging job you have not been trained for, you do not need to worry about liability.

Answer 18

false

Question 19

In a lawsuit, decisions regarding the appropriate standard of care and violations of those standards are made:
a. by the testimony of the injured party
b. by the judge
c. by the testimony of the alleged negligent actor
d. by expert testimony

Answer 19

d. by expert testimony

Question 20

T/F: A mistake by an imaging professional that harms a patient can create liability for negligence.

Answer 20

true

Question 21

For negligence to be proved, which of these elements must be proved?
a. a duty is owed
b. a duty owed is breached
c. harm resulted from the duty being breached
d. all of the above

Answer 21

d. all of the above

Question 22

For medical negligence to be proved, which of the following elements must be proved?
a. the standard of care for the health care provider was breached
b. the patient sustained harm
c. the harm resulted from the breach of standard of care
d. all of the above

Answer 22

d. all of the above

Question 23

T/F: The special relationship between health care providers and patients eliminates the need for a plaintiff to prove that a duty of care exists.

Answer 23

true

Question 24

Which of the following is not a source of the standards of care?
a. institutional guidelines
b. federal and state statutes
c. advice of co-workers
d. JCAHO guidelines

Answer 24

c. advice of co-workers

Question 25

National Patient Safety Goals include the following:
a. patient identification
b. communication among caregivers
c. medication safety
d. all of the above

Answer 25

d. all of the above

Question 26

T/F: Imaging professionals do not need to pay attention to the National Patient Safety Goals because they do not pertain to imaging.

Answer 26

false

Question 27

Documentation is done to:
a. create a record of an event
b. help witnesses remember the events of an occurrence
c. assist in defending a medical malpractice case
d. none of the above

Answer 27

d. none of the above

Question 28

Documentation can decrease litigation risks by:
a. providing an accurate record of what occurred
b. correlating facts related by witnesses
c. holding damages down
d. a and c

Answer 28

d. a and c

Question 29

Which of the following is not a method to decrease risk?
a. marking films incorrectly
b. following safety regulations
c. taking your lunch break on time
d. using proper collimation

Answer 29

c. taking your lunch break on time

Question 30

T/F: Quality-of-life determinations, patient autonomy, and justice in health care delivery all require decisions involving beneficence and nonmaleficence.

Answer 30

true

Question 31

T/F: The imaging professional and the patient are not both responsible for health care decision making.

Answer 31

false