Chapter 2: Research Methods And Critical Thinking

Question 1

Scientific method

Answer 1

Testing a proposition by systematic observation

Question 2

Observation

Answer 2

Directly gathering data by recording facts or events

Question 3

Hypothesis

Answer 3

An educated guess about relationships are the causes of behavior

Question 4

Operational definition

Answer 4

The specific procedures used to define a scientific concept

Question 5

theory

Answer 5

A system of ideas that interrelates facts and concepts, summarizes existing data, and predicts future observations

Question 6

Natural setting

Answer 6

The typical environment in which a person or animal lives

Question 7

Observer effect

Answer 7

Changes in behavior caused by an awareness of being observed

Question 8

Observer bias

Answer 8

The tendency of observers to distort their perceptions to match their expectations

Question 9

Anthropomorphic fallacy

Answer 9

The error of attributing human thoughts, feelings, or motives to animals, especially as a way of explaining their behavior

Question 10

Observational record

Answer 10

A detailed summary of observed events or a videotape of observed behavior

Question 11

Correlation

Answer 11

The existence of a consistent, systematic relationship between two events, measures, or variables

Question 12

Correlation study

Answer 12

A non experimental study designed to measure the degree of relationship, if any, between two or more events, measures, or variables

Question 13

Coefficient of correlation

Answer 13

A statistical index ranging from -1.00 to +1.00 that indicates the direction and degree of correlation