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Psychology 101 @home > Chapter 1: Study Tips And Intro To Psychology: The Search For Understanding > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Study Tips And Intro To Psychology: The Search For Understanding Flashcards

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1
Q

SQ4R Method

A

An active study reading technique based on the steps: survey, question, read, recite, relate, and review

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2
Q

Active Listener

A

A person who knows how to maintain attention, avoid distractions, and actively gather information from lectures.

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3
Q

Spaced practice

A

Practice spread over many relatively short study sessions.

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4
Q

Massed practice

A

Practice done in a long, uninterrupted study session

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5
Q

Mnemonic

A

A memory aid or strategy

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6
Q

Overlearning

A

Continuing to study and learn after you first think you’ve mastered a topic.

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7
Q

Self testing

A

Evaluating learning by posing questions to yourself

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8
Q

Weekly term schedule

Term schedule

A

Weekly turn schedule – A bitten plan that allocates time for study, work, and leisure activities during a one week period.

Term schedule- A written plan that list the dates of all major assignments for each of your classes for an entire semester or quarter.

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9
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

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10
Q

Overt behaviors

A

Actions of responses that are directly observable

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11
Q

Covert behaviors

A

Responses that are internal or hidden from view

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12
Q

Empirical evidence

A

Facts or information based on direct observation or experience

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13
Q

Data

A

Observed facts or evidence

data plural; datum singular

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14
Q

Scientific observation

A

An empirical investigation that is structured so that it answers questions about the world

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15
Q

Research method

A

A systematic approach to answering scientific questions.

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16
Q

Developmental research

A

A psychologist interested in the course of human growth and development from birth until death

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17
Q

Learning theorist

A

A psychologist interested in variables affecting learning and theories of learning

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18
Q

Personality theorist

A

Hey psychologist who studies personality traits, Dynamics and theories

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19
Q

Cognitive psychologist

A

A psychologist who studies thinking, knowing, understanding and information processing

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20
Q

Sensation and perception psychologist

A

A psychologist to studies decent organs in the process of perception

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21
Q

Comparative psychologist

A

A psychologist primarily interested in studying and comparing the behavior of different species, especially animals

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22
Q

Biopsychologist

A

A psychologist who studies the relationship between behavior and biological processes, especially activity in the nervous system

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23
Q

Gender psychologist

A

Hey psychologist who investigates differences between females and males and how they develop

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24
Q

Social psychologist

A

A psychologist particularly interested in human social behavior

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25
Q

Cultural psychologist

A

A psychologist who studies the ways in which culture affects human behavior

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26
Q

Animal mode

A

In research, an animal whose behavior is used to derive principles that may apply to human behavior.

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27
Q

Description

A

In scientific research, the process of naming and classifying

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28
Q

Understanding

A

In psychology, understanding is achieved when the causes of a behavior can be stated

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29
Q

Prediction

A

An ability to accurately forecast behavior

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30
Q

Psychometrics

A

A specialty that focuses on mental measurement or testing, such as personality and intelligence testing

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31
Q

Control

A

Altering conditions that influence behavior

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32
Q

Philosophy

A

The formal study of knowledge, reality, and human nature

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33
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

The father of psychology; set up the first psychological laboratory to study conscious experience

34
Q

Stimulus

A

Any physical energy that has some effect an organism and that evokes a response

35
Q

Introspection

A

To look within; to examine ones own thoughts, feelings, or sensations

36
Q

Experimental self observation

A

Wilhelm Wundts technique of combining trained introspection with objective measurement.

37
Q

Structuralism

A

The school of thought concerned with analyzing sensations and personal experience in the basic elements

38
Q

Functionalism

A

The school of psychology concerned with how behavior and mental abilities help people adapt to their environment

39
Q

Natural selection

A

Darwins theory that evolution favors those plants and animals best suited to their living conditions

40
Q

Educational psychology

A

Psychological study of learning, teaching, and related topics

41
Q

Industrial psychology

A

The application of psychology to work, especially to personal selection, human relations, and machine design

42
Q

Behaviorism

A

The school of psychology that emphasizes the study of overt, observable behavior

43
Q

Response

A

Any muscular action, glandular activity, or other identifiable aspect of behavior

44
Q

Conditioned response

A

A reflex response it has become associated with the new stimulus

45
Q

Cognitive behaviorism

A

An approach that combines behavioral principles with cognition
(perception, thinking, anticipation) To explain behavior

46
Q

Behavior modification

A

The application of learning principles to change human behavior, especially maladaptive behavior

47
Q

Gestalt Psychology

A

Is school a psychology emphasizing the study of thinking, learning, and perception in whole units, not by analysis into parts

48
Q

Unconscious

A

Contents of the mind that are beyond awareness, especially impulses and desires not directly known to a person

49
Q

Repression

A

The unconscious process by which memory starts or impulses are held out of awareness

50
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

A Freudian approach to psychotherapy emphasizing the exploration of unconscious concepts

51
Q

Humanism

A

An approach to psychology that focuses on human experience, problems, potential’s, and ideals

52
Q

Determinism

A

The doctrine that all behavior has prior causes that would completely explain one’s choices and actions if all such causes were known

53
Q

Free will

A

The doctrine that human beings are capable of freely making choices or decisions

54
Q

Self image

A

Total subjective perception of oneself, including images of one’s body, personality and capabilities

55
Q

Self-evaluation

A

Positive and negative feelings held toward oneself

56
Q

Frame of reference

A

A mental or emotional perspective used for judging and evaluating events

57
Q

Self actualization

A

The ongoing process of fully developing one’s personal potential

58
Q

Eclectic

A

Selected a chosen from many sources

59
Q

Cognitive psychology

A

The area of psychology concerned with human thinking, knowing, understanding, and information processing

60
Q

Cultural relativity

A

The idea that behavior must be judged relatice to the value of the culture in which it occurs

61
Q

Norms

A

Who is it define acceptable and expected behavior for members of a group

62
Q

Psychologist

A

A person highly trained in the methods, factual knowledge, and theories of psychology

63
Q

Clinical psychologist

A

A psychologist to specializes in the treatment of psychological and behavioral disturbances who who does research on such disturbances

64
Q

Counseling psychologist

A

A psychologist who specializes in the treatment of milder emotional and behavioral disturbances

65
Q

Scientist practitioner model

A

The view that clinical psychologist should be skilled both as scientists and as therapist

66
Q

Psychiatrist

A

A medical doctor with additional training in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and emotional disorders

67
Q

Psychoanalyst

A

A mental health professional, usually a doctor, trained in the practice of psychoanalysis

68
Q

Counselor

A

A mental health professional who specializes in helping people with problems not involving a serious mental disorder; for example, marriage counselors, career counselors, or school counselors

69
Q

Psychiatric social worker

A

A mental health professional trained to apply social science principles to help patients in clinics and hospitals

70
Q

Basic (or “pure”) research

A

Scientific study undertaken without concern for immediate practical application

71
Q

Applied research

A

Scientific study undertaken to solve immediate practical problems

72
Q

Critical thinking

A

An ability to evaluate, compare, analyze, critique, and synthesize information

73
Q

Pseudo psychology

A

Any false and unscientific system of beliefs and practices that is offered as an explanation of behavior

74
Q

Palmistry

A

False system that claims to reveal personality traits and to predict the future by “reading” lines on the palms of the hands

75
Q

Phrenology

A

Falls in antiquated system based on the belief that personality traits are revealed by the shape of the skull

76
Q

Graphology

A

False system based on the belief that handwriting can reveal personality traits

77
Q

Astrology

A

False system based on the belief that human behavior is influenced by the position of stars and planets

78
Q

Uncritical acceptance

A

The tendency to believe generally positive or flattering descriptions of oneself

79
Q

Fallacy of positive instances

A

The tendency to remember or notice information that fits ones expectations by forgetting discrepancies

80
Q

Barnum effect

A

The tendency to consider a personal description accurate if it is stated in general terms

Psychology 101 @home (3 decks)

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